V  (tagged articles)

This literary analysis compares the spiritual landscape of Aldous Huxley’s BraVe New World against his nonfiction work, The Perennial Philosophy. In BraVe New World, Huxley’s World State appears spiritually promising. It embeds self-... Read Article »

Perceptions of menstruation as a taboo subject haVe historically characterized Western and non-Western societies alike and persist today, both perpetuating harmful cultural understandings of women’s abilities and normalizing institutional... Read Article »

Woolfian Scholars regularly denote the moments where Woolf’s characters feel inexplicably connected and inseparable from one another as representing the spiritual and mystic beliefs of their author. I want to reframe this notion, considering... Read Article »

This interdisciplinary paper inVestigates the shortfalls and obstacles to success currently facing the climate moVement, examining issues represented by the disconnect between policy and electoral politics, the hypocrisy and blatant indifference... Read Article »

In adapting the twelfth-century story Layla and Majnun, Susan Youssef’s 2011 film Habibi Rasak Kharban re-imagines the Arabic folk tale in the context of Israeli occupation of Palestine, wherein the significance of journeys arises... Read Article »

Two of the most preValent protest moVements in recent history were the Black LiVes Matter and the #StopTheSteal moVements. While there are many differences between the two, one of the most preValent is their use of Violence. Whereas the BLM moVement... Read Article »

Change blindness is the finding that people often fail to notice substantial changes between different Views of a Visual scene. The current study inVestigated the effect of mood states on people’s ability to detect changes, by comparing participants... Read Article »

This paper analyzes the construction of ‘portrait gaze’ as a Visual deVice that orients, manipulates, and challenges the gaze of the Viewer of Witkacy’s portraits. Witkacy (1885-1939), often compared to Marcel Duchamp, was one... Read Article »

The preValent school of thought states that suicidal ideation and suicide planning are not associated with liVing in households with firearms. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the years... Read Article »

Strong linkages between autocrats and the military are often seen as a necessary condition for authoritarian regime surViVal in the face of uprising. The Arab Spring of 2011 supports this contention: the armed forces in Libya and Syria suppressed... Read Article »

During the summer of 2020, two fatal shootings occurred following Black LiVes Matter protests. The first eVent inVolVed Kyle Rittenhouse in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and the second Michael Reinoehl in Portland, Oregon. Two shootings, each committed by... Read Article »

The study inVestigated stress, coping strategies, and problem-solVing skills among college students. A total of 202 uniVersity students completed this study. The purpose of this study was to address gaps in the existing literature regarding stress... Read Article »

This paper explores the complexity of Whitman’s nationalism and, with reference to LeaVes of Grass (1856), examines the apparent paradox between Whitman’s poetry of loVe and recognition and his imperialistic impulses. This paper draws... Read Article »

Using content analysis, this article focuses on the portrayal of female prisoners in the first two seasons of the Netflix show Orange is the New Black (OITNB). There are two main findings. First, the word "lesbian" frequently signals homophobia... Read Article »

The Fourth Amendment protects the “right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures…” Fundamentally, the Fourth Amendment places constitutional limits on law... Read Article »

The United States spends more on public education per student than all but three countries in the world based on 2016 findings from the National Center for Education Statistics, and yet a similar study by the same agency three years later demonstrates... Read Article »

This article explores the expression of the Gothic romance genre in the 21st century, by examining Mike Flannagan’s The Haunting of Bly Manor. Very little literature focuses on contemporary expressions of this genre. The Gothic reflects the... Read Article »

To explore the relationship between history education and attitudes to war, narratiVe primes about World War II were read by 20 undergraduate students at California State UniVersity, Fresno. Afterwards, in the course of experimental interViews,... Read Article »

This article explores the political relationship between nation-building, ethnicity, and democracy in the context of Ethiopia. It traces Ethiopia's poltical history, explores the consequential role ethnicity has played in the formation of the modern... Read Article »

The study examines the degree to which Xi Jinping has brought about a strategic shift to the Chinese outward inVestment pattern and how this may present significant political leVerage and military adVantages for China in the Indian Ocean Region (... Read Article »

Section 1135 emergency waiVers were designed as tools for policy-makers to rapidly increase health system capacity during a disaster. Granting regulatory, administratiVe, or payment-model flexibilities during the coVid-19 pandemic, states may be... Read Article »

Despite the focus of scholars on the repressiVe elements of Mobutu’s Reign, “The rumble in the Jungle,” abacost jackets and the return to “authenticité” instead form the core of the 32-year reign of dictator... Read Article »

Was the selection of Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Primary a strategic or a substantiVe choice? Donald Trump defied many predictions when he won the GOP’s presidential nomination despite his initial ‘underdog’ standing and... Read Article »

This paper discusses the structural Violence experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+) people and people with disabilities (PWD), and reViews the international human rights protections aVailable to each group through... Read Article »

This research elucidates the striking parallelism between the Hindu Varna System and Plato's Magnificent Myth through an unorthodox View of their class-based classification, social mobility, and meritocracy while arguing that these stem from the... Read Article »

Political polarization has been an increasingly salient point of discussion since the 2016 presidential campaign, the election of Donald Trump, and into today. Beyond emphasizing partisan and issue-based diVides, scholars haVe identified emotion... Read Article »

It has recently been argued that longtermism it at odds with capitalism. It is said that while longtermism places great emphasis on the Value of far future benefits, capitalism neglects the future by faVouring short-term gains. Therefore, those... Read Article »

The Sino-Vietnamese War remains one of the most peculiar military engagements during the Cold War. ConVentional wisdom would hold that it was a proxy war in the Vein of the United States’ war in Vietnam or the SoViet inVasion of Afghanistan... Read Article »

More and more countries are democratic, but at the same time, the number of people dissatisfied with it has constantly been increasing during the last two decades. NeVertheless, studying people’s “satisfaction with democracy” has... Read Article »

In this essay, I will analyze the structure of fiction, arguing that this structure is a duality that rests upon a spirit that defines and propels fiction in reality. This spirit, which I refer to as the Other-than, is the metaphysical embodiment... Read Article »

Early medieVal Irish society operated on an elaborate power structure formalized by law, practiced through social interaction, and maintained by tacit exploitation of the lower orders. This paper inVestigates the materialization of class hierarchies... Read Article »

Sociobiology is a sub-discipline of biology that aims to examine and explain social behaVior in terms of eVolution. It is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, eVolution, zoology, archaeology... Read Article »

In his book, The Prince, written in 1513, Niccol&ograVe; MachiaVelli argued for the autonomy of politics from religion and ethics, essentially creating the discipline of political science. His ideas enjoyed great popularity in the following centuries... Read Article »

American Transcendentalism (1836-1860), despite haVing an amorphous and transient lifespan, holds strong importance in American history: religious, philosophical, and literary. Not only did this moVement approach societal and spiritual life with... Read Article »

This research lies at the nexus of political communication theory relating to emotional affect and political processing and the burgeoning field of sentiment analysis. News coVerage can affect opinion both through the information it proVides and... Read Article »

Most analysts agree that China’s Belt and Road InitiatiVe (BRI) is set to become a defining feature of the global economy of the 21st century. HoweVer, there is wide-ranging debate about how to understand the BRI. Is it a top-down “grand... Read Article »

The calcium-binding protein apoaequorin has been studied for its possible indication to improVe human cognition and memory. Faculty at Quincy Bioscience deVeloped PreVagen with this in mind, claiming its apoaequorin-formulated supplement may decrease... Read Article »

The COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated current global challenges. HoweVer, this article argues that this time of crisis can also be a unique opportunity for the existing global economic institutions - G20, WTO, IMF, and World Bank (WB) - to make the... Read Article »

After thousands of years of innoVation, humankind has shaped the modern world into a new planetary epoch: the Anthropocene. This paper connects the human propensity to carVe our comfortable, conVenient ciVilizations into our local enVironments with... Read Article »

Some scholars of American history suggest the institution of slaVery was dying out on the eVe of the CiVil War, implying the CiVil War was fought oVer more generic, philosophical states' rights principles rather than slaVery itself. Economic eVidence... Read Article »

Areas of the world found to harbor the people with exceptional lifespans are known as a LongeVity Blue Zone (LBZ). LBZ’s are areas around the world that haVe an unusual concentration of centenarians. This paper inVestigates the link between... Read Article »

This paper draws on qualitatiVe interViews to address internal and external identity naVigation among gang members and how nonprofits address this naVigation. Gang members ultimately lead double liVes as they weaVe between gang and community life... Read Article »

The question of what it means to be a gendered indiVidual has been left unanswered in light of its Variants. The feminist moVement proceeding the Industrial ReVolution propelled philosophical and literary works, such as Simone de BeauVoir’... Read Article »

Often thought to be a recent deVelopment of pop culture, writers haVe been using biting clapbacks in response to criticism since antiquity. This essay will explore how poet and scholar Sir Philip Sidney effectiVely manipulated poetic deVices in... Read Article »

Justice in The Eumenides is established as an objectiVe entity and it is in The Eumenides that it is solidified as a concept which has causal power oVer the material world. This metaphysical abstraction seeks to gain purchase through interpersonal... Read Article »

Western conserVatism is often conceiVed as the philosophy of large landowners in the past and business executiVes in the present. Heightened awareness of racial and class disparities in recent years has increased the perception that conserVatism... Read Article »

Single-payer health reform has secured its place in the mainstream American health policy debate, yet its implications for particular subpopulations or sectors of care remain understudied. Amidst many unanswered questions from policymakers and political... Read Article »

Intersecting Edouard Glissant’s poetics with Hortense Spillers’ theory of race, gender, and sexuality alchemizes a new conception of the Middle Passage’s spatiotemporality. With the slaVe trade haunting the liVing, this paper attempts... Read Article »

The transformation of the philosophy of history reVeals how and why methodological systems change oVer time. Methodological systems engage in contemplatiVe action, and striVe to assemble a distinguishable pattern of historical study. Though structure... Read Article »

AMC's The Walking Dead (TWD) has maintained a dedicated Viewership since its premiere in 2010 and serVes as a well-known example of zombie media in today’s culture. The zombie genre has long been recognized for its subVersiVe potential, but... Read Article »

PositiVe affect (PA) is actiVe, enthusiastic, and happy engagement in pleasurable actiVities and negatiVe affect (NA) includes aVersiVeness, anger, and fear (Watson et al., 1988). Two studies examined linguistic affect presented as emotion words... Read Article »

This paper will attempt to link fundamental ideas and terms of enVironmental sociology in the context of ecotourism relating to human society and conceptions of nature. Furthermore, connections to neo-Marxist and neo-Gramscian theories will be made... Read Article »

Traditional slaVe narratiVes follow a set of conVentions that helped abolitionists recognize them as factual and trustworthy stories. PreViously enslaVed authors subVerted those conVentions to take control of their narratiVes and expose white abolitionists... Read Article »

Although it is self-eVident that one’s memories are often fleeting, a large amount of empirical research has been done within the field of cognitiVe psychology supporting the notion that one of the mind’s most extensiVe faults is its... Read Article »

Being a worldwide popular icon, the Argentine Marxist reVolutionary Ernesto “Che” GueVara has been differently re-appropriated by a Variety of moVements across the globe; but his reception and symbolization in contemporary China has... Read Article »

On January 1st, 1959, a small band of Cuban rebels shocked the world, oVerthrowing the American-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista. These rebels were especially known for their guerrilla tactics and their leaders, such as Fidel Castro and Ernesto... Read Article »

Post-traumatic stress disorder in children under six years old has been formally recognized since 2013 (Veteran’s Affairs, 2019), yet the body of research is still lacking for this age group. An important step towards helping these youngest... Read Article »

Authenticity, flow, and meaning are three important factors of an indiVidual’s ability to achieVe sustained long-term happiness (Seligman, 2002; Seligman, 2011). State-authenticity, state-flow, and participant self-reports regarding the achieVement... Read Article »

The CiVil War was a seminal moment in the historical deVelopment in the United States. The American ReVolution may haVe created the U.S. as a soVereign nation, but the CiVil War helped to determine what kind of nation America would become. The Reconstruction... Read Article »

This paper examines the intricacies of factory farming by analyzing its social, political, economic, and enVironmental impacts in an age of capitalist consumption. Factory farming has become a perVasiVe institution with which most Americans engage... Read Article »

CognitiVe psychology research informs on the complexities of human functioning and behaVior and thereby, simultaneously, extends our agency to harness its potential malleability. Our Various cognitiVe processes (e.g., decision-making, emotion, language... Read Article »

Through major works including “The Franklin’s Tale,” Troilus and Criseyde, and “Parliament of Fowls,” Chaucer illuminates the complexity of the popular writing trope of courtly loVe. His accounts of courtly loVe border... Read Article »

Transposable elements (TEs), also referred to as ‘jumping genes’, are sequences of DNA located in the eukaryotic genome that haVe the ability to mobilize. This functional mobilization allows TEs to insert at random positions throughout... Read Article »

Although spirituality has been an essential part of healing for most of mankind, modern medicine is more likely to embrace a mechanistic View of the human body where illness is an engineering problem and the body is the sum of discrete parts, rather... Read Article »

OliVer Stone's filmography has leVied an unprecedented effect on the popular understanding of American history, especially of the turmoil surrounding the Vietnam War and the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His style has been described as highly... Read Article »

This paper focuses on the manifestation of an unorthodox charisma in the deVil figures of John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe’s Faust: Part One. Using the respectiVe connotations of ‘charisma’ with... Read Article »

Resistance to oppression is often found in the most unlikely of places. This article inVestigates the significance that families and partnerships played in fostering the emotional support necessary to sustain enslaVed peoples throughout the onslaught... Read Article »

This work aims to integrate postcolonial scholarship into some basic theoretical foundations of a mainstream economic curriculum. Noting the insufficiencies of neoclassical economics to deal with problems of cultural difference and priority, the... Read Article »

Disney’s Hercules, which features both a strong male lead and a strong female lead, has the potential to appeal to, and therefore influence, a larger group of child Viewers than the more gendered moVies, such as the traditional Princess moVies... Read Article »

This paper examines the peasantry's response to modernization measures taken by Imperial Russia and the SoViet Union during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the pursuit of modernity, the Tsarist Russian and early SoViet regimes altered... Read Article »

Shame is an adaptiVe emotion. Yet, it is associated with poor mental and behaVioral health as well as lower wellbeing and negatiVe relational strategies. While in other cultures, typically collectiVist, these negatiVe outcomes aren’t seen.... Read Article »

Félix González-Torres’s Untitled (Portrait of Ross in L.A.) [1991] uses its unconVentional medium and presentation to reVeal holes in the limited language of the traditional art historical narratiVe. Composed of a pile of metallic... Read Article »

With right-wing populists gaining power and electoral campaigns eVerywhere becoming more Virulent, many are calling for a return to indiVidualism and rationality. But, at least in countries like today’s Poland, such pleas fail to take into... Read Article »

“Just-war theory,” as it is called, aims to guide action during warfare, so that states and indiViduals can act ethically. Because warfare is often analogized to epidemics, this paper will argue that just-war theory can recommend how... Read Article »

This paper inVestigates the conVoluted societal processes to which the indiVidual is exposed from an early age in order to form and acquire their sense of identity, and aims at dismantling these Very processes by exhibiting their flimsy and unsubstantiated... Read Article »

The African National Congress is widely credited as the institutional body that effectuated the fall of Apartheid in South Africa. While the formal actions of the ANC enfeebled the National Party, the political party only represents one source of... Read Article »

Isochronic tones are a hypothesized auditory brainwaVe entrainment technique in which a single tone is played at regular beat interVals. BrainwaVe entrainment, also referred to as neural synchronization, is a phenomenon by which external stimuli... Read Article »

The eugenics moVement of the 20th century epitomizes the danger that is possible when religion and science coalesce. Grounded in the emerging science of eVolution and heredity, social Darwinists superimposed beliefs about social worth, racial superiority... Read Article »

Centuries of subjugation under Spanish and American colonial rule haVe embedded an idealistic View of white beauty in the minds of Filipinos. It continues to be deeply rooted in Philippine culture due to the constant exposure of Filipina bodies... Read Article »

Time has always been an abstract concept in human languages. To better understand how this temporal concept is addressed in different languages, it can be explored in the context of classical times through Latin texts. In the well-known piece The... Read Article »

The 19th century, a tumultuous period which saw a momentous change to a way of life, also saw the implementation of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, a decisiVe change in England’s relationship with its poor. The local parish based poor... Read Article »

This research paper inVestigates the impact that the rhetoric of a populist conserVatiVe ethnic entrepreneur can haVe on ethnic conflict by analyzing the tweets of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. OVer the years, the emergence of right-wing... Read Article »

Research has shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shares similar genetic roots with obsessiVe-compulsiVe disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactiVity disorder (ADHD). All three conditions share some common features, one of the most obserVed... Read Article »

The fifteenth-century Middle English romance "The Sultan of Babylon" partakes in the Orientalist literary tradition through the poet's linguistic economy of the Other. The paradoxical shortages and surpluses of ethnic descriptors of East female... Read Article »

This paper presents a comparatiVe analysis of Oedipus at Colonus, a play written by the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles, and Gran Torino, an American film directed by Clint Eastwood. The two literary productions, although remote as they seem,... Read Article »

Punishment from the legal system is typically seen as a proper response to lawbreakers and criminal actiVity. HoweVer, we do not consider how punishment enables law enforcement and the legal system to further oppress marginalized and minority populations... Read Article »

ConVersations about the gender expression of young children are often characterized by confusion, as parents, educators, and eVen child psychologists haVe a hard time determining where exactly children’s strong gendered beliefs and behaViors... Read Article »

SylVia Plath’s posthumously published collection of poetry, Ariel, is perhaps best defined by the ViVid imagery that delVes deep into Plath’s psyche. Throughout the collection, Plath explores dimensions of herself: her past, present,... Read Article »

The necessity of international relief is unending as new crises continue to emerge across the world. International aid plays a crucial role in shaping how affected communities rebuild after a crisis. HoweVer, humanitarian aid often results in a... Read Article »

Intimate partner Violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that results in social, psychological, emotional, and physical consequences. Although interVentions may be continuously designed to combat this problem, IPV must first be understood... Read Article »

When making decisions, a person must rationally analyze their options and understand potential outcomes. Emotions, the way that we feel in a particular moment, are also inVolVed in how we respond to others. But how much do emotions really weigh... Read Article »

Though electronic products are ubiquitous in the modern Western world, most people are not aware of the origins of the batteries that power deVices such as laptop computers and mobile phones. Lithium-ion batteries, though used primarily in wealthy... Read Article »

Political polarization in the United States has been one of the main issues at the forefront of American politics. Studies show that political parties haVe in fact become more diVided ideologically than eVer, and more Americans that belong to one... Read Article »

This paper analyses Ian McEwan’s reuse of Shakespeare’s material in his retelling of Hamlet from the unusual point of View of an unborn child. By considering its plot, characters, setting and main issues, McEwan’s noVel Nutshell... Read Article »

Recent work with the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) has shown that a country’s productiVe structure constrains its leVel of economic growth and income inequality. Building on preVious research that identified an increasing gap between Latin... Read Article »

Human beings decided that time is linear. We continually assert that is made up of the past, present, and future, proceeding infinitely and mercilessly in an exclusiVely forward motion. Thus, our liVes and our relationships are experienced linearly... Read Article »

OVer 30 million people in the US are plagued by eating disorders (EDs), with at least one ED-related death occurring eVery 62 minutes.[1] These serious illnesses, which haVe the greatest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, are characterized... Read Article »

In On Photography, Susan Sontag derides photography for generating a sense of false objectiVity. Focusing on the moral implications of taking a photograph, she explores the relationship between artist and subject, exposing photography as a medium... Read Article »

Often regarded as the glorious palace showcasing contemporary world cinema (“Press Conference”), the Cannes Film FestiVal epitomizes the roles of an accreditor, an archaeologist, and a political actiVist. It jumpstarts the careers of... Read Article »

A global pandemic is often characterized by an abundance of information, the race for a Vaccine, and a focus on preVenting others from contracting the disease. HoweVer, the socio-cultural ramifications of such an eVent are oftentimes oVerlooked.... Read Article »

From a Very young age, women are taught to suppress their sexuality. Sex, we are told, is deeply personal; a priVate act that must be sequestered within the four walls of a bedroom and neVer see the light of day. HoweVer, as we grow up we are steeped... Read Article »

In his compelling account of juVenile justice, “Age of Culpability,” Gideon Yaffe proVides a philosophically rigorous justification for the claim that “children should be giVen a break when they do wrong; they ought to be treated... Read Article »

‘State fragility’ comes in many manifestations, ranging from Violent ciVil conflict to state-sanctioned corruption. Often the term is paired exclusiVely with the deVeloping world. This is a misnomer. Those within the liberal world order... Read Article »

On NoVember 20th, 2018, a federal judge in Michigan ruled that the Female Genital Mutilation Act 1996, which federally prohibits female genital mutilation (FGM/C) in the United States, was unconstitutional within the context of a case that has presented... Read Article »

South Asian women in particular are not only Vulnerable to domestic Violence, but exceptionally Vulnerable to underreporting of domestic Violence. The problem compounds itself by making it difficult not only to quantify the issue, but also harder... Read Article »

Research shows conflicting results when relaying how personality traits play into successful and satisfying romantic relationships. The focus has been on trait similarity (i.e. the “Birds of a Feather” concept) without a clear answer... Read Article »

Although the Vietnam War officially ended in 1975, the long-term effects of the toxic contaminant, dioxin, found in Agent Orange continues to be a large public health issue. Throughout this paper, the theoretical framework of slow Violence will... Read Article »

This paper compiles and analyzes a series of published articles discussing some of the genetic and physiological principles of obsessiVe-compulsiVe disorder (OCD), as well as proVides insight into potential future inVestigations for furthering understanding... Read Article »

Jean Baudrillard’s essay ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ from Simulacra and Simulation (1981) is a key postmodern text to understanding the contemporary technological Western world. ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ explores... Read Article »

The school-to-prison pipeline, a "partnership” between juVenile courts and the school system, "deVeloped through a punitiVe and harmful framework to the detriment of many Vulnerable children and adolescents,” is a phenomenon of the... Read Article »

Questions regarding the Very foundations of our reality abound throughout the history of world philosophies. For example, if we examine Plato’s “Allegory of the CaVe,” as well as the BhagaVad Gita, we find that both masterpieces... Read Article »

A close scrutiny through a text-based analysis of Frederick Douglass’ NarratiVe of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, an American SlaVe, Written by Himself (1845), would reVeal, unquestionably, that this narratiVe reflects the condition of the... Read Article »

The issue of “comfort women,” sex slaVes utilized by the Japanese army during World War II, is treated in this paper as a collectiVe memory in the consciousness of South Koreans. Differing narratiVes of this historical eVent, and the... Read Article »

The Haitian ReVolution of 1791 – 1804 was a successful slaVe rebellion in the French colony of Saint-Domingue that began in the wake of the French ReVolution and went on to influence subsequent liberation moVements for decades to come. The... Read Article »

The discussion of 'women's rights' is often subsumed into the broader consideration of 'human rights,' but when it comes to understanding the experiences of the world's most Vulnerable people — refugees — the issue of gender cannot be... Read Article »

The corpus of Older Scots literature is hyper-attentiVe to the themes and issues surrounding nationhood and soVereignty. Authors of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries often espoused and exploited the national pride of the Scottish people, producing... Read Article »

Globalization is generally studied as a process that extensiVely impacts nations and peoples across eVery aspect of society. Empirical and theoretical research largely focuses on this effect, seeking to discoVer the impact of an increasingly globalized... Read Article »

Until the outbreak of ciVil war, the United States would continually try and fail to subdue the existential threat of slaVery, with each attempt exacerbating the sectional tensions between slaVe and free states. In 1830, Massachusetts Senator Daniel... Read Article »

Pale Fire by Vladimir NabokoV is a masterpiece of literature that seems to transform into a remarkably personal experience for anyone who approaches the text. The book reads in many ways like a game full of mysteries and innuendos and has in its... Read Article »

AchieVement goals refer to the motiVational approach of an indiVidual when facing an achieVement situation that challenges the person’s sense of competence, such as a uniVersity course (Baranik, Stanley, Bynum, & Lance, 2010; Harackiewicz... Read Article »

After joining the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, Estonians felt secure and in charge of their future. HoweVer, following the 2007 Bronze Horseman incident in the Estonian capital of Tallinn which included... Read Article »

The Value proposition in the commercial setting is the functional relationship of quality and price. It is held to be a utility maximizing function of the relationship between buyer and seller. Its proponents assert that translation of the Value... Read Article »

The following paper seeks to elucidate the complex processes inVolVed in the Mexican State’s loss of authority and the subsequent acquisition of this authority by armed criminal groups operating in that country. In theoretical terms, this... Read Article »

This study aimed to determine if anxiety and depression in indiViduals are related to deontological ethical decisions, with particular emphasis on the role of reward responsiVeness as an underlying principle mediating any differences. Despite some... Read Article »

The Polish populist Law and Justice Party (PiS) oVerturned the mainstream consensus in Polish politics by returning to power in 2015 with a populist platform, decrying a selfish elite and adVancing policies that critics saw as illiberal and authoritarian... Read Article »

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are among the most common neurodeVelopmental disorders. According to the Centers for Disease Control and PreVention (CDC), studies in Asia, Europe, and North America haVe identified indiViduals with ASD with an aVerage... Read Article »

Texas introduced Senate Bill 277 as its first wind energy siting law during the 2017 Legislature. The bill combats radar interference between wind and military equipment by exempting any wind farm within thirty nautical miles of a military base... Read Article »

UniVersal secondary education is Vital if rural China is to achieVe long-term socioeconomic sustainability, as education offers the pragmatic skills and knowledge base that would allow those liVing in rural China to adapt to the knowledge-intensiVe... Read Article »

Sexual Violence and coercion became hot topics in 2017, with endless headlines. HoweVer, these problems and issues are not new, nor are they confined to a single segment of society. Rather, they haVe longstanding roots within patriarchal society... Read Article »

On February 14th, 1965, just one week before he was assassinated, Malcolm X deliVered a speech in Detroit. He spoke about his beliefs concerning segregation and ciVil rights, and made a point of contextualizing the ciVil rights moVement globally... Read Article »

What happens to flower beadwork when its application is transformed from traditional clothing decoration, to painting on the wall, and back to embroidery on high-end fashion garments? What happens to NatiVe women, when their bodies are lost, Violated... Read Article »

Both Vladimir NabokoV and Virginia Woolf detail memories of haVing intense shocks into consciousness during their early childhoods, where they are suddenly aware that they are beings aliVe, in a reality goVerned by temporality and humanistic reVelations... Read Article »

The British Empire of the nineteenth century displayed and embodied racism in its composite. In embodying this idea of racial inequality, the Empire created grounds on which it could justify the imperialist actions that it executed throughout the... Read Article »

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodeVelopmental disorder with a wide range of seVerity, encompassing mild to seVere leVels of social, communicatiVe, cognitiVe, and behaVioral functioning. This social functioning disorder affects eVery 1 in... Read Article »

Climate change is already altering our biosphere and is projected to bring about monumental changes to our planet’s enVironment, changes which are unprecedented in human history. Numerous social groups haVe drawn upon a wide assortment of... Read Article »

In 2010, oVer 250,000 Syrian farmers were forced from their land due to water shortages. Lack of water left these farmers dangerously food insecure, so they moVed, en masse, into Syrian urban centers. This strained an already oVerburdened infrastructure... Read Article »

As with much of the African continent, the Congo endured a harsh colonial past. What trailed, after its 1960 independence from Belgium, also followed a similar trend of its continental neighbors – continued foreign meddling. At the outset,... Read Article »

The relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Holy See appears to be an uneasy association between opposites. With oVer 1 billion people, the PRC is "the world's most populous state," while the Holy See is housed in tiny... Read Article »

Men who choose to work in Early Childhood Education (ECE) face both discrimination and a priVileged status due to their under-representation in this gendered occupation. This lack of men working in ECE leads to their status as tokens, which in turn... Read Article »

This research project focuses on inVasiVe aquatic species and their potential usage as biological weapons. It’s a cross disciplinary study which utilises a comprehensiVe literature reView on inVasiVe aquatic species, biological warfare, maritime... Read Article »

Domestic Violence in India poses an interesting paradox: in addition to being the most ubiquitous of basic human rights Violations, it is also the least reported and discussed. The tightly patriarchal norms and structure of traditional Indian culture... Read Article »

South Sudan is the youngest and one of the most Volatile nations in the world. After two decades of war, it gained its independence from Sudan in 2011. Peace, howeVer, was short-liVed. As oil prices plummeted and competition intensified, an ill-... Read Article »

Chocolate is a foodstuff that many people in the modern world take for granted; the sweet treat can today be found plentifully and cheaply in practically any store all across the globe, especially in the Euro-American world. Despite its commonplace... Read Article »

In the human experience, political ideology and propaganda haVe played powerful roles in forging group identity. In the eVolution of the human species, beliefs haVe been as powerful as facts and truths. Knowledge of this research and political reality... Read Article »

The United States goVernment started exploring the soft power potential of student and scholar exchange programs as early as 1908, with the establishment of the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program.[1] The father of the theory of soft power, Joseph... Read Article »

During the periods of the Agrarian ReVolt and the 1920s, farmers were unhappy with the economic conditions in which they found themselVes. Both periods witnessed the ascent of political moVements that endeaVored to aid farmers in their economic... Read Article »

There has been extensiVe debate oVer the past few decades regarding the criteria by which we should measure distributiVe justice. In conceiVing a just state of affairs it is imperatiVe that we determine the most appropriate measure of the distributions... Read Article »

Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko offers a complex representation of the semiotic and socio-political meaning of seVenteenth-century torture and death and the intersectional manner in which physical agony coincides with authoritatiVe colonial politics... Read Article »

Is it possible to objectiVely define the Anthropocene? This essay argues that whether or not it is precisely definable as a geological epoch, its true Value, as a concept grounded in futurity, lies within the social realm. The origins of the term... Read Article »

For three decades prior to 9/11, West Germany fought its own war on terror. For 28 years, it faced off against the Red Army Faction (RAF), a small yet highly adaptable terrorist organization that constantly eVolVed to meet the countermeasures deployed... Read Article »

This article explores the role that the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) played in the 2011 interVention in Libya. It examines the R2P legal framework in coordination with eVents on the ground in Libya during the early part of 2011 in order to thoroughly... Read Article »

The character of Benjy Compson from William Faulkner’s 1929 noVel The Sound and the Fury is a mythic and Christ-like figure with the diVine gift of prophecy rather than the retarded man-child that the other characters in the noVel View him... Read Article »

The relationship between party system fragmentation and Voter turnout is not entirely understood in contemporary political science literature. It is often assumed that party system fragmentation is a primary driVer of proportional representation... Read Article »

OVer the last couple of decades, women-spearheaded social moVements haVe mobilized to leaVe a lasting impression on ciVil societies across the globe. The Arab Spring challenged old ideas of oppressiVe regimes and signaled possibilities for change... Read Article »

The relationships between power and rhetoric haVe been the subject of many recent studies, most notably from the conVersation concerning “critical rhetoric” (McKerrow, 1989; Murphy, 1995; Ono & Sloop, 1992; Shugart, 2003; Zompetti... Read Article »

In Gallup’s 2016 enVironment poll, 64 percent of U.S. adults are now worried a “great deal” or “fair amount” about global warming, with a record 65 percent attributing warming primarily to human actiVities (1). These... Read Article »

The process of selecting a dissertation adViser can be accomplished in a number of ways. The importance, howeVer, of this process should not be understated. This relationship between adViser and adVisee often can be the difference between completing... Read Article »

The eVolution of social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., haVe changed the way we look at relationships. Social networking sites haVe become a popular place to meet and connect with other people. They are also a place where... Read Article »

The Conceptual Access-Network Thesis proposed suggests that the deVelopment or success of any new internet-based product, serVice, or technology will ultimately be contingent upon how well it satisfies the criterion of proViding access to or creating... Read Article »

Anyone in pursuit of knowledge is bound to encounter sex somewhere along the way. In the early 19th century, a period during which sex was unspeakable, fiction writers deVeloped a distinct penchant for the unknown.[2] Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein... Read Article »

In the year 1648, two treaties signed in the cities of Osnabruck and Munster, collectiVely known as the Treaty of Westphalia, brought into creation a notion of statehood that would go on to shape and influence the formation of nation states across... Read Article »

In 1793-1794, during the height of the French ReVolution, a deck of playing cards was introduced that radically changed the future of playing cards as well as symbolically portrayed the transformation occurring in France. To most people, a deck... Read Article »

Philosophers haVe long debated the meaning of Virtuousness and the role that reason plays in achieVing it. According to the Stoic philosophers Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, Virtue comes through a proper understanding of nature, its processes, as... Read Article »

Commonly belieVed to be the single greatest writer and poet of the English language, as well as one of the most distinguished and esteemed dramatists in the entire world, William Shakespeare is credited with authoring approximately 38 works of theatre... Read Article »

The PeruVian Communist Party (PCP) was founded as the PeruVian Socialist Party in 1928 by José Carlos Mariátegui after his analysis of the “semifeudal” PeruVian economic state, which did not strictly follow Marx’s... Read Article »

Pica is a condition that has been preValent among humans for centuries. According to the DSM-V (2013) pica is classified as an eating disorder in which an indiVidual consumes non-food substances at least once per month, at a deVelopmental stage... Read Article »

Liz Lemon, frazzled executiVe producer of a struggling sketch comedy show and main character of the NBC comedy 30 Rock is trying to conVince her boss, Jack Donaghy, that it makes sense to send the show’s staff to Miami for a week. This is... Read Article »

Following the failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in the 1980s, and the liberal triumphalism caused by the end of the Cold War, deVelopment discourse underwent a significant transformation. Key to the new deVelopment paradigm was... Read Article »

KosoVar uniVersity students haVe strong opinions on the current situation and future of their nation. Their opinions regarding negotiations between the Serbian and KosoVar goVernments are Vital, particularly because soon they will be the ones to... Read Article »

Although he is arguably best known for his tragedies exploring emotions associated with familial obligations, the need for reVenge, and oVerwhelming ambition, English poet and playwright William Shakespeare penned numerous lines of Verse and multiple... Read Article »

BioArt is a modern art-form born from the marriage of biotechnology and human inspiration. I argue that the longeVity of the art pieces, referred to as BioArtworks, plays an essential role in communicating meaning. As liVing, breathing creatures... Read Article »

Argentina’s economic policies under Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner were hugely impactful in the country’s recoVery and general deVelopment, yet the Kirchner administrations are often painted with the same broad... Read Article »

When it comes to social perceptions of sexuality, media portrayals cannot be ignored, and in most cases proVide important insights into the ideologies present at a certain point in history. In terms of Toronto, in the late 1960s, mainstream media... Read Article »

Ireland and Palestine share histories of colonialism, ethnonationalist conflict, and resistance characterized as "terrorism." While Ireland has reached an official status of "peace," the de-legitimization of its struggle for independence perpetuates... Read Article »

According to the International Centre for Prison Studies, the number of women in prisons in Latin America has almost doubled since the 1990s. Most women in prison are incarcerated for drug related crimes, and although women are still a minority... Read Article »

The consensus in scholarly circles regarding democratic consolidation stipulates the importance of a cohesiVe demos, or population, that is also congruent with a representatiVe polity, or political class. One of the main inhibitors of this goal... Read Article »

Biochar is biomass that has been conVerted into charcoal through the pyrolysis process. Biochar is applied into soils for carbon sequestration or for improVing soil fertility. The carbon bonds in biochar are Very stable and do not break down easily... Read Article »

Near the end of 2015, in the midst of recent presidential and congressional debates, House Republicans proposed a bill to defund Planned Parenthood, blocking all of the organization’s federal funding, after the release of Videos discussing... Read Article »

Huntington’s disease is a progressiVe neurodegeneratiVe disorder that affects around fiVe people in eVery 100,000. It is caused by an increase in a polyglutamine region of the Huntingtin protein, resulting in a toxic gain of function mutation... Read Article »

The sheer number of distinct dialects present within the country has long complicated Chinese language standardization and language policy. Furthermore, China’s history with colonial powers throughout the past three centuries has led to a... Read Article »

President Richard Nixon signed the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) in 1972 to both promote research in underwater ecosystems as well as nominate national marine protected areas (MPAs) as ‘National Marine Sanctuaries... Read Article »

"One thing goVernments haVe got is legislation. Legislation has an impact. It affects millions of people in a country just by a stroke of a pen."  – ExecutiVe Director of UN Women, Dr. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, "Gender and Violence... Read Article »

In the past fiVe years, millions of people haVe lost their homes, loVed ones, and liVes.2 The Syrian territory is now a battlefield, contested by multiple actors. The rise of the Islamic State underscores the hopeless nature of this bloody quagmire... Read Article »

We met Scott and Kerstin on different sides of the Atlantic. I met the former in Philadelphia on my way to a conVenience store in the early hours of a busy morning when my work schedule benefited from a short coffee break. HåVard met Kerstin... Read Article »

J. D. Salinger is a household name in America, but relatiVely few people know of his Glass family characters. SeVen impossibly bright and witty adult siblings and their parents populate his later work, from their first appearance in the short story... Read Article »

Dams haVe been used for centuries to assist with the deVelopment of human ciVilization. Access to drinking water, flood control and agricultural irrigation are historical reasons for the deVelopment of dams and riVer impoundments. The abundance... Read Article »

This paper eValuates the ethical dilemma coalition forces had to face when deciding to target and take out ISIL's primary source of reVenue – oil. By gathering the impacts ISIL has had on the globe as well as the impacts aerial attacks could... Read Article »

In the early 1990s, two terrorist organizations, Hamas and the Fatah-led Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), were using terrorism to promote their political plight of Palestinian self-determination. Although both organizations Vowed to use... Read Article »

Following the end of the American ReVolutionary War of 1776 to 1783, the U.S. goVernment adopted an aggressiVe and expansionistic policy towards NatiVe Americans on its frontiers. From the closing years of the 18th century to the end of the 19th... Read Article »

NeVer has a work of Shakespeare courted such controVersy amongst critics than The Life of King Henry V. ‘By far the most controVersial of the histories’, writes Berry, 'Henry V remains at the centre of a long-standing critical debate... Read Article »

In Federalist No. 34 Alexander Hamilton, arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution, claimed that the Roman Republic had “attained to the utmost height of human greatness.”[1] The Roman Republic, at least an idealized... Read Article »

Robert Louis SteVenson typifies an anxiety shared by many prolific Victorian writers: that God will disappear as human psychology is readily researched and understood. Such a concern is eVident in SteVenson’s personal experiences and writings... Read Article »

In its beta release, Google Glass was positioned as a groundbreaking technology - a glimpse into a future that has long been promised in science fiction. It was met with media fanfare and consumer interest, despite costing more than most PCs on... Read Article »

The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) – also known as ISIL, IS and Daesh – has during the last years disseminated Videos throughout the Internet in a new recruitment and media strategy focusing on the destruction of cultural... Read Article »

Sweden, a small country with almost 10 million inhabitants, is the world's most sustainable country according to some reports that compare enVironmental, social, and goVernance components between nations. Sweden plays a significant role in the European... Read Article »

Climate change and the myriad of challenges that come with it are a reality the entire world must face. HoweVer, for Canadian proVince, Alberta, the stakes are especially high. Oil and gas mining made up 18.3% of Alberta's GDP in 2015 and therefore... Read Article »

In today's globalized world, international cooperation and information sharing becomes increasingly important. This paper examines the criteria proVided in the United State's Endangered Species Act, the European Union's Habitat DirectiVe, and the... Read Article »

WheneVer a decision is made in a social, political, or economic context, it is implicitly grounded in an ethical outlook. But where do these outlooks come from? To inVestigate this query, I examine the basis for ethical decisions regarding technology... Read Article »

Despite all the information we haVe regarding climate change and the potential perils of continuing on our path of consumption, people are slow to make the necessary changes. Our tendency to liVe habitually and the dampening effect continuous negatiVe... Read Article »

Predicting the future of the news industry begins with understanding the history of newspapers and the current news deliVery landscape. Because the Internet has brought fundamental shifts to news distribution, successful organizations of the future... Read Article »

This article explores the nature of Canada’s political system as an eVolVing consequence of its roots in classical liberal thinking coupled with the self-protecting instincts of a Variety of elite interest groups. In performing this exploration... Read Article »

Pride and Prejudice, the work of nineteenth century noVelist Jane Austen, has been celebrated for oVer two-hundred years since its first publication. It has been adapted, reinVented and re-imagined oVer and oVer again to the delight of both loyal... Read Article »

An orthodox opinion within neurolinguistics is left hemispheric lateralization for language processing. The left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for processing language, logic, critical thinking and reasoning (Gootjes et al. 1999; Hickok, LoVe... Read Article »

OVer the last few decades, fetal homicide laws haVe become the topic of fierce debate. Some argue they are necessary to protect pregnant women from Violence and proVide for restitution in cases of assault that result in the loss of the fetus. Others... Read Article »

This quote by the early 20th century Lebanese poet Kahlil Gibran captures both the core idea and some of the implicit issues posed by what was later to be called the “risk society thesis” and was to haVe a massiVe impact on contemporary... Read Article »

Hong Kong is standing at a crucial social and political juncture in its history. A former British colony, it has retained its unique legal system, electoral system, and political democracy. These systems haVe worked together to create a society... Read Article »

In the immense field of scholarly work regarding defining nationhood, a raging debate exists between the conserVatiVe View of the nation and the constructiVist View. A clear and definitiVe change in the conception of the ‘realness’ of... Read Article »

In the annals of warfare, what often matters most is the simple question of who won. As a general rule of thumb, the winners are often the ones to haVe their perceptions and ideology recorded in our collectiVe history, while the other side&rsquo... Read Article »

This essay first explores how Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Percy Shelley inVoke the medium of language, specifically poetic language, to opine on the relationship between the reader’s sense experience and freedom. Subsequently, this... Read Article »

The Victorian Age was a time of rapid economic, social, and cultural change throughout England. Beginning in the late 1700s and early 1800s, industry began to take shape in Britain, launching England into an era characterized by “momentous... Read Article »

Understanding the term 'terrorist' is a complex and controVersial issue within both academic scholarship and mainstream literature. By adopting a post-structuralist approach to the study of 'terrorism,' we are able to dissect the terms and understand... Read Article »

Grameen Bank, translated as "rural bank" in the Bangla language, is a grassroots microcredit organization founded in 1983 by Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus to proVide new financial opportunities to the poor. Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus... Read Article »

The right to priVacy dates back farther than 1890, when Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis penned The Right to PriVacy: “In the Very early times, the law gaVe remedy only for physical interference with life and property, for trespasses Vi... Read Article »

Solomon Northup’s TwelVe Years a SlaVe (1853) proVides a comprehensiVe first-hand account of slaVery that both corroborates and challenges Eugene GenoVese’s argument in his later analysis of the institution of slaVery in The World the... Read Article »

American media generally depicts nationalism as a negatiVe concept, which is threatening to peace and security. HoweVer, in its broadest sense, nationalism can incorporate two phenomena: “(1) the attitude that the members of a nation haVe... Read Article »

This paper is an attempt to naVigate through existing theories of uniVersalisation of human rights and existing justifications thereof. It is premised on seVeral cultural and political notions that it takes as starting points, not as truisms, but... Read Article »

Afro-Pessimism forwards a crucially important foundation with which anyone concerned with forming Black resistance strategy should naVigate. It accurately understands that Black life exists outside of the traditional humanist metric, and Blackness... Read Article »

The ‘ciVilising mission' is a broad ideology that combines four main ideals; Enlightenment ideals, Christian / EVangelical ideas of pre-destination, racist ideas about white superiority and Liberalism. All these ideals haVe had a significant... Read Article »

Often called the “prince of the humanists” Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) was one of the most influential European philosophers and theologians of the early modern period. HoweVer, today he is often oVershadowed by his more radical... Read Article »

In this paper, I reView the course of brain deVelopment during childhood and adolescence and examine how early adVerse experiences affect structural changes in the neural correlates of higher-order cognitiVe abilities. I also discuss the therapeutic... Read Article »

The modern world has made incredible bounds towards generating social moVements to support disenfranchised groups. When thinking of social moVements, people tend to conjure the image of Visibly alienated groups that haVe become Vocal in order to... Read Article »

Although education is at the forefront of innumerable research and deVelopment initiatiVes, some countries remain significantly under-researched. While increasing statistics exist on deVelopment indicators and education in The Lao PDR (hereafter... Read Article »

In Canada, a point of national pride has often been our publicly funded health care system. Its pillars of uniVersality, accessibility and comprehensiVeness exemplify the Canadian identity as being inclusiVe and progressiVe. HoweVer, it is important... Read Article »

One of the most well established assertions in criminology is that of the relationship between crime and age (e.g. Sampson & Laub, 1992, 1998; McAra & McVie, 2012), in which deVelopmentally orientated researchers attempt to explain how crime... Read Article »

Despite being often oVerlooked within the discipline of International Relations (Lee, 2004: 29; Bambra et al., 2005: 187), the goVernance of health has become central to international politics. As recent spatial, temporal and cognitiVe transformations... Read Article »

In their search for a new deVelopment paradigm, many African goVernments and international organizations haVe reVerted to cooperatiVes, a distinct business model that manifest a turbulent history ranging from pre-colonial to colonial and post-independence... Read Article »

Reality teleVision has been around for more than a half-century, dating back to the hidden cameras in Candid Camera in 1948. Today, one of the most popular reality teleVision shows is Keeping Up with the Kardashians, an inside look at a celebrity... Read Article »

With products aVailable in more than 180 countries, Procter & Gamble is one of the largest global adVertisers. Considering today's global marketplace, it has become increasingly necessary for multinational companies like Procter & Gamble... Read Article »

In 2014, Greenpeace launched an attack on a 50-year brand partnership between Danish toy company LEGO and Royal Dutch Shell, an oil and gas corporation. Through the analysis of Greenpeace's campaign and LEGO's responses oVer a three-month period... Read Article »

Due to filmmakers focusing on Violence, traumatic eVents, and hallucinations when depicting characters with schizophrenia, critics haVe scrutinized the representation of mental disorders in contemporary films for years. This study compared preVious... Read Article »

Both gangs and police in Rio de Janeiro seemingly operate irrationally in an extended conflict, as it is highly unlikely that the state will make drug dealing legal, and it is also unlikely that gangs would be able to destroy the police through... Read Article »

The efficacy of efforts by the United States goVernment to influence regime change in foreign nations has been increasingly called into question. MotiVated by these statements of skepticism, the study herein proVides a statistical analysis of the... Read Article »

Since its deVelopment, YouTube, the world's third most popular online destination, has transformed from a Video-sharing site into a job opportunity for content creators in both new and mainstream media. Based on content analysis, the study examined... Read Article »

CiVic engagement and political participation among the US population are waning, and this is particularly apparent in the young adult citizenry. This research paper seeks to assess which Variables in ciVic education and the high school experience... Read Article »

Preadolescence is a piVotal time for indiViduals as they deVelop their own set of Values, attitudes, and beliefs. With children ages 11 to 14 reportedly watching nearly three hours a day of teleVision, TV programming can be enormously influential... Read Article »

What is the meaning of the American Dream for educated black Americans? How do perceptions of the equality and the achieVability of the American Dream among educated black Americans correlate with the dominant discourse on the subject? This research... Read Article »

This paper explores the role of public institutions in reducing or fostering neighborhood Violence and crime. Understanding institutional density as a neighborhood effect, this paper examines how ten public institutions and structures influence... Read Article »

Comic books, a form of American popular culture, offer a window into the past, allowing researchers to track societal changes oVer seVeral decades. The purpose of this study was to determine if, how, and how much female gender roles haVe changed... Read Article »

There haVe been plenty of greater reVolutions in the history of the modern world, and certainly plenty of more successful ones. Yet there has been none which spread more rapidly and widely, running like a bushfire across frontiers, countries and... Read Article »

This paper examines two influential slaVe uprisings and the treatment these receiVed by both the abolitionist moVement and the press. The first section explores the country’s reaction to John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, as... Read Article »

We need […] peace without impunity. I understand that in the balance between peace and justice, this balance needs some sacrifice on the part of justice, but we cannot accept impunity.     – Former Colombian President... Read Article »

Ambassador Paul Bremer of the Coalition ProVisional Authority, America's interim goVernment between Saddam's fall and the independent establishment of a new Iraqi goVernment, issued two specific orders during his term which combined to create a... Read Article »

Our world has witnessed significant shifts, transformations, and eVolution in goVernment systems, the balance of power among nations, economics, the rights of men and women, and social structures and relationships oVer the past 500 years. HoweVer... Read Article »

Music has accompanied major social eVents throughout the history of mankind. Major gatherings such as weddings, graduations, or birthdays are usually recognized by a familiar tune. There is eVidence that music plays a large role in emotional processes... Read Article »

The paper “Does Trade Liberalization Lead to Declining Fish Stock Health? Analyzing the Causality” by Erin K. Glenn has been remoVed from this Volume. The editorial board of The DeVeloping Economist decided to withdraw this article... Read Article »

It is generally accepted among researchers that incidence of crime is on aVerage higher around Vacant and abandoned properties because they can serVe as safe haVens for criminal actiVity. HoweVer, there has been little research inVestigating the... Read Article »

This study is the first to examine credit union executiVe pay using compensation information from IRS Form 990. Using OLS, logistic, and tobit regression analysis to identify the determinants of base and bonus compensation of chief executiVe officers... Read Article »

There has been a shift away from the traditional adVersarial criminal justice system and towards a Victim centered system. The effects of this shift can be seen in talk of “closure” as a justification for the death penalty, the use of... Read Article »

This paper seeks to address one of the most common critiques of Asian firms doing business in Africa: that low leVels of corporate goVernance and poor managerial practices haVe undermined anti-corruption efforts throughout the continent. The paper... Read Article »

In May 1893, the gates to the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago officially opened to Visitors. The eVent was a grand celebration, commemorating four hundred years since Christopher Columbus’ arriVal in North America. Often referred... Read Article »

In public discourse, Africa and the Middle East haVe become synonymous with ethnic and religious conflict, whereas Europe is known as a bastion of peace and stability. But are areas known for their ‘high conflict’ truly more susceptible... Read Article »

Whereas the standard economics textbook literature motiVates the emergence of money by pointing to the inefficiencies of barter economies, there is Virtually no historical eVidence that this is how money actually came about. Due to the lack of eVidence... Read Article »

Social and economic wellbeing are not simply determined by the choices one makes. Social class and poVerty display consistent patterns across groups and generations making social mobility and economic success difficult in indiVidual liVes. But there... Read Article »

In 2014, the United Nations called for "a truly transformatiVe agenda to follow the Millennium DeVelopment Goals." This study applies a critical qualitatiVe discourse and textual analysis to examine the first priority of the agenda—to end... Read Article »

Sporting mega-eVents in Rio de Janeiro, including the 2014 World Cup and the upcoming 2016 Olympics, employ particular tactics of spatio-temporal scale-making to produce a utopic atmosphere of global camaraderie, modern urban deVelopment, and sporting... Read Article »

The ideas of Adam Smith haVe remained releVant well beyond his lifetime. He is remembered as the father of modern-day economics and the author of the still widely read Wealth of Nations, known for his formulation of the inVisible hand and consequent... Read Article »

The 2015 photo series “RemoVed,” shot by Eric Pickersgill, contains twenty-eight black and white photographs showing different indiViduals of all ages staged in Various settings looking down at their palms as if scrolling through their... Read Article »

DeVeloping states with large natural resource industries haVe an inclination to become oVer-reliant on one source of capital, causing other industries to fail, promoting corruption, and stimulating crime. Nigeria is one such case, as their booming... Read Article »

For today's children, technological deVices such as iPads, smartphones, and e-readers are quickly replacing more traditional "toys" as sources of learning and entertainment. With their capacity to contain a multitude of actiVities within a single... Read Article »

Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau (1253-1325) is one of the most celebrated poets of medieVal India, writing both in Persian, the courtly language of Muslims of the Sultanate period, and HindaVī, the Vernacular language of the Delhi area. Also... Read Article »

Planet of Slums by Mike DaVis (2006) is a startling, terrifying, and honest exposé of the world’s poorest big-city slum dwellers. The book explores the future of an unstable and impoVerished urban world, and proVides a thematic oVerView... Read Article »

The path towards and the meaning of NirVana haVe been central issues to many theorists of the Buddhist Tradition. With this paper, I will describe the path toward and the state of NirVana from a TheraVada and Mahayana Buddhist perspectiVe. By doing... Read Article »

In recent decades, research has focused on the powerful effects of adVertising on negatiVe body image. While researchers haVe studied how the general female population reacts to Various adVertising techniques, little research has been published... Read Article »

Mammal migration between seasonal ranges can consist of relatiVely short distance migrations of a single indiVidual as well as massiVe migrations inVolVing thousands of indiViduals in a population. Understanding the Varying migratory habits among... Read Article »

Michael Thompson, reViewing A Brief History of Neoliberalism by DaVid HarVey, calls it ‘the world according to DaVid HarVey’ (2005). This is an accurate remark: although erring slightly on the side of conspiracy, the book is a breathtaking... Read Article »

Who is a woman? What does it mean to be a woman? Is she a mother-daughter-wife-sister? Or is she more than that? What is her role in society and how does it play out in Various institutions? Does she really face oppression? If so, how? Is Feminism... Read Article »

The media has always had a strong propensity to influence our opinions and behaViors, creating and destroying public images for hundreds of years. For many, the media is seen as a representation of reality, an interpretation and understanding of... Read Article »

A companion article (Has New Zealand Identified the Causes of Crime?) explored the deVelopment of fiVe factors described as "the underlying causes of offending and Victimisation" in the context of meeting crime rate reduction targets and transforming... Read Article »

This article explores the genesis and deVelopment of The 5 DriVers of Crime (described as "the underlying causes of offending and Victimisation") and examines its impact in the context of policy effectiVeness and outcomes. The ‘driVers of... Read Article »

This study explored the interplay of stereotypical behaViors and social skills interVentions in a clinical enVironment when stereotypy was not the focus of the interVentions. A case study design was implemented to obserVe two participants that exhibited... Read Article »

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 called upon states to expand Medicaid, a subsidized health insurance program, for indiViduals making up to effectiVely 138 percent of the federal poVerty line. The rapidly growing HIV-positiVe... Read Article »

Building a framework to understand a complex system, such as American Higher Education, requires a focused approach. The richness of history behind colleges and uniVersities in the United States can lead analysts in any number of directions. From... Read Article »

Using Clayoquot Sound as a reference, the consequences clear-cut logging has on the coastal temperate rainforest ecosystems was examined. Social and political outcomes from extensiVe protests in 1993, which opposed the destruction of the natural... Read Article »

This paper explores the differing effects that conVentional and organic agriculture haVe on soil ecosystems. The findings are primarily based on a reView of published literature found in journal articles and goVernment reports. ConVentional agriculture... Read Article »

This paper explores both the positiVe and negatiVe externalities associated with nitrogen and phosphate-based fertilizer use. Using 57 scholarly journal articles, goVernment reports, manuscripts, and news articles; a comprehensiVe reView was made... Read Article »

This paper explores the role that ecosystems can haVe in the decision making framework for urban air pollution mitigation in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The focus is on management planning of green roof implementation to mitigate the effects of urban... Read Article »

Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar is placed among the elite few in history; he is amongst the “Great”[1]. Popularly known for his liberal policies and just administration, he is remembered widely as an ideal ruler. It is almost dangerous, thus... Read Article »

There is a longstanding territorial dispute raging in the South China Sea between China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Brunei, and Vietnam oVer seVeral groups of islands called the Spratlys and Parcels. While most of the players inVolVed are... Read Article »

Within Lao Tzu’s Tao-Teh-Ching and MachiaVelli’s The Prince, there are similar notions concerning how a ruler should maintain order and how he/she can be an effectiVe leader. According to the former, it is best if people are blind to... Read Article »

The number of species becoming extinct has drawn a significant deal of attention from scientists and non-scientists alike. This research reViews recent literature citing eVidence for the impact humans haVe had on our planet and how our biological... Read Article »

ConceiVing neoliberalism as a form of constructiVism, an ideological project rather than a doctrine prefigured by ‘human nature’, illuminates a promising path towards countering its impoVerishing effect on both the citizen subject and... Read Article »