V  (tagged articles)

The keyword V is tagged in the following 910 articles.

2023, Vol. 15 No. 02
This literary analysis compares the spiritual landscape of Aldous Huxley’s BraVe New World against his nonfiction work, The Perennial Philosophy. In BraVe New World, Huxley’s World State appears spiritually promising. It embeds self-... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 09
Perceptions of menstruation as a taboo subject haVe historically characterized Western and non-Western societies alike and persist today, both perpetuating harmful cultural understandings of women’s abilities and normalizing institutional... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 09
Woolfian Scholars regularly denote the moments where Woolf’s characters feel inexplicably connected and inseparable from one another as representing the spiritual and mystic beliefs of their author. I want to reframe this notion, considering... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 09
This interdisciplinary paper inVestigates the shortfalls and obstacles to success currently facing the climate moVement, examining issues represented by the disconnect between policy and electoral politics, the hypocrisy and blatant indifference... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 09
In adapting the twelfth-century story Layla and Majnun, Susan Youssef’s 2011 film Habibi Rasak Kharban re-imagines the Arabic folk tale in the context of Israeli occupation of Palestine, wherein the significance of journeys arises... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 06
Two of the most preValent protest moVements in recent history were the Black LiVes Matter and the #StopTheSteal moVements. While there are many differences between the two, one of the most preValent is their use of Violence. Whereas the BLM moVement... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 06
Change blindness is the finding that people often fail to notice substantial changes between different Views of a Visual scene. The current study inVestigated the effect of mood states on people’s ability to detect changes, by comparing participants... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 05
This paper analyzes the construction of ‘portrait gaze’ as a Visual deVice that orients, manipulates, and challenges the gaze of the Viewer of Witkacy’s portraits. Witkacy (1885-1939), often compared to Marcel Duchamp, was one... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 05
The preValent school of thought states that suicidal ideation and suicide planning are not associated with liVing in households with firearms. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the years... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 05
Strong linkages between autocrats and the military are often seen as a necessary condition for authoritarian regime surViVal in the face of uprising. The Arab Spring of 2011 supports this contention: the armed forces in Libya and Syria suppressed... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 04
During the summer of 2020, two fatal shootings occurred following Black LiVes Matter protests. The first eVent inVolVed Kyle Rittenhouse in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and the second Michael Reinoehl in Portland, Oregon. Two shootings, each committed by... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 03
The study inVestigated stress, coping strategies, and problem-solVing skills among college students. A total of 202 uniVersity students completed this study. The purpose of this study was to address gaps in the existing literature regarding stress... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 03
This paper explores the complexity of Whitman’s nationalism and, with reference to LeaVes of Grass (1856), examines the apparent paradox between Whitman’s poetry of loVe and recognition and his imperialistic impulses. This paper draws... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 03
Using content analysis, this article focuses on the portrayal of female prisoners in the first two seasons of the Netflix show Orange is the New Black (OITNB). There are two main findings. First, the word "lesbian" frequently signals homophobia... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 02
The Fourth Amendment protects the “right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures…” Fundamentally, the Fourth Amendment places constitutional limits on law... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 02
The United States spends more on public education per student than all but three countries in the world based on 2016 findings from the National Center for Education Statistics, and yet a similar study by the same agency three years later demonstrates... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 02
This article explores the expression of the Gothic romance genre in the 21st century, by examining Mike Flannagan’s The Haunting of Bly Manor. Very little literature focuses on contemporary expressions of this genre. The Gothic reflects the... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
To explore the relationship between history education and attitudes to war, narratiVe primes about World War II were read by 20 undergraduate students at California State UniVersity, Fresno. Afterwards, in the course of experimental interViews,... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
This article explores the political relationship between nation-building, ethnicity, and democracy in the context of Ethiopia. It traces Ethiopia's poltical history, explores the consequential role ethnicity has played in the formation of the modern... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
The study examines the degree to which Xi Jinping has brought about a strategic shift to the Chinese outward inVestment pattern and how this may present significant political leVerage and military adVantages for China in the Indian Ocean Region (... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
Section 1135 emergency waiVers were designed as tools for policy-makers to rapidly increase health system capacity during a disaster. Granting regulatory, administratiVe, or payment-model flexibilities during the coVid-19 pandemic, states may be... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
Despite the focus of scholars on the repressiVe elements of Mobutu’s Reign, “The rumble in the Jungle,” abacost jackets and the return to “authenticité” instead form the core of the 32-year reign of dictator... Read Article »
2022, Vol. 14 No. 01
Was the selection of Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Primary a strategic or a substantiVe choice? Donald Trump defied many predictions when he won the GOP’s presidential nomination despite his initial ‘underdog’ standing and... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 12
This paper discusses the structural Violence experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+) people and people with disabilities (PWD), and reViews the international human rights protections aVailable to each group through... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 12
This research elucidates the striking parallelism between the Hindu Varna System and Plato's Magnificent Myth through an unorthodox View of their class-based classification, social mobility, and meritocracy while arguing that these stem from the... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 12
Political polarization has been an increasingly salient point of discussion since the 2016 presidential campaign, the election of Donald Trump, and into today. Beyond emphasizing partisan and issue-based diVides, scholars haVe identified emotion... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 11
It has recently been argued that longtermism it at odds with capitalism. It is said that while longtermism places great emphasis on the Value of far future benefits, capitalism neglects the future by faVouring short-term gains. Therefore, those... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 11
The Sino-Vietnamese War remains one of the most peculiar military engagements during the Cold War. ConVentional wisdom would hold that it was a proxy war in the Vein of the United States’ war in Vietnam or the SoViet inVasion of Afghanistan... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 10
More and more countries are democratic, but at the same time, the number of people dissatisfied with it has constantly been increasing during the last two decades. NeVertheless, studying people’s “satisfaction with democracy” has... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 10
In this essay, I will analyze the structure of fiction, arguing that this structure is a duality that rests upon a spirit that defines and propels fiction in reality. This spirit, which I refer to as the Other-than, is the metaphysical embodiment... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 10
Early medieVal Irish society operated on an elaborate power structure formalized by law, practiced through social interaction, and maintained by tacit exploitation of the lower orders. This paper inVestigates the materialization of class hierarchies... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 10
Sociobiology is a sub-discipline of biology that aims to examine and explain social behaVior in terms of eVolution. It is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, eVolution, zoology, archaeology... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
In his book, The Prince, written in 1513, Niccol&ograVe; MachiaVelli argued for the autonomy of politics from religion and ethics, essentially creating the discipline of political science. His ideas enjoyed great popularity in the following centuries... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
American Transcendentalism (1836-1860), despite haVing an amorphous and transient lifespan, holds strong importance in American history: religious, philosophical, and literary. Not only did this moVement approach societal and spiritual life with... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
This research lies at the nexus of political communication theory relating to emotional affect and political processing and the burgeoning field of sentiment analysis. News coVerage can affect opinion both through the information it proVides and... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
Most analysts agree that China’s Belt and Road InitiatiVe (BRI) is set to become a defining feature of the global economy of the 21st century. HoweVer, there is wide-ranging debate about how to understand the BRI. Is it a top-down “grand... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
The calcium-binding protein apoaequorin has been studied for its possible indication to improVe human cognition and memory. Faculty at Quincy Bioscience deVeloped PreVagen with this in mind, claiming its apoaequorin-formulated supplement may decrease... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
The COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated current global challenges. HoweVer, this article argues that this time of crisis can also be a unique opportunity for the existing global economic institutions - G20, WTO, IMF, and World Bank (WB) - to make the... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 09
After thousands of years of innoVation, humankind has shaped the modern world into a new planetary epoch: the Anthropocene. This paper connects the human propensity to carVe our comfortable, conVenient ciVilizations into our local enVironments with... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 05
Some scholars of American history suggest the institution of slaVery was dying out on the eVe of the CiVil War, implying the CiVil War was fought oVer more generic, philosophical states' rights principles rather than slaVery itself. Economic eVidence... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 05
Areas of the world found to harbor the people with exceptional lifespans are known as a LongeVity Blue Zone (LBZ). LBZ’s are areas around the world that haVe an unusual concentration of centenarians. This paper inVestigates the link between... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 05
This paper draws on qualitatiVe interViews to address internal and external identity naVigation among gang members and how nonprofits address this naVigation. Gang members ultimately lead double liVes as they weaVe between gang and community life... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 04
The question of what it means to be a gendered indiVidual has been left unanswered in light of its Variants. The feminist moVement proceeding the Industrial ReVolution propelled philosophical and literary works, such as Simone de BeauVoir’... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 04
Often thought to be a recent deVelopment of pop culture, writers haVe been using biting clapbacks in response to criticism since antiquity. This essay will explore how poet and scholar Sir Philip Sidney effectiVely manipulated poetic deVices in... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
Justice in The Eumenides is established as an objectiVe entity and it is in The Eumenides that it is solidified as a concept which has causal power oVer the material world. This metaphysical abstraction seeks to gain purchase through interpersonal... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
Western conserVatism is often conceiVed as the philosophy of large landowners in the past and business executiVes in the present. Heightened awareness of racial and class disparities in recent years has increased the perception that conserVatism... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
Single-payer health reform has secured its place in the mainstream American health policy debate, yet its implications for particular subpopulations or sectors of care remain understudied. Amidst many unanswered questions from policymakers and political... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
Intersecting Edouard Glissant’s poetics with Hortense Spillers’ theory of race, gender, and sexuality alchemizes a new conception of the Middle Passage’s spatiotemporality. With the slaVe trade haunting the liVing, this paper attempts... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
The transformation of the philosophy of history reVeals how and why methodological systems change oVer time. Methodological systems engage in contemplatiVe action, and striVe to assemble a distinguishable pattern of historical study. Though structure... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
AMC's The Walking Dead (TWD) has maintained a dedicated Viewership since its premiere in 2010 and serVes as a well-known example of zombie media in today’s culture. The zombie genre has long been recognized for its subVersiVe potential, but... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 03
PositiVe affect (PA) is actiVe, enthusiastic, and happy engagement in pleasurable actiVities and negatiVe affect (NA) includes aVersiVeness, anger, and fear (Watson et al., 1988). Two studies examined linguistic affect presented as emotion words... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
This paper will attempt to link fundamental ideas and terms of enVironmental sociology in the context of ecotourism relating to human society and conceptions of nature. Furthermore, connections to neo-Marxist and neo-Gramscian theories will be made... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
Traditional slaVe narratiVes follow a set of conVentions that helped abolitionists recognize them as factual and trustworthy stories. PreViously enslaVed authors subVerted those conVentions to take control of their narratiVes and expose white abolitionists... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
Although it is self-eVident that one’s memories are often fleeting, a large amount of empirical research has been done within the field of cognitiVe psychology supporting the notion that one of the mind’s most extensiVe faults is its... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
Being a worldwide popular icon, the Argentine Marxist reVolutionary Ernesto “Che” GueVara has been differently re-appropriated by a Variety of moVements across the globe; but his reception and symbolization in contemporary China has... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
On January 1st, 1959, a small band of Cuban rebels shocked the world, oVerthrowing the American-backed dictator Fulgencio Batista. These rebels were especially known for their guerrilla tactics and their leaders, such as Fidel Castro and Ernesto... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 02
Post-traumatic stress disorder in children under six years old has been formally recognized since 2013 (Veteran’s Affairs, 2019), yet the body of research is still lacking for this age group. An important step towards helping these youngest... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 01
Authenticity, flow, and meaning are three important factors of an indiVidual’s ability to achieVe sustained long-term happiness (Seligman, 2002; Seligman, 2011). State-authenticity, state-flow, and participant self-reports regarding the achieVement... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 01
The CiVil War was a seminal moment in the historical deVelopment in the United States. The American ReVolution may haVe created the U.S. as a soVereign nation, but the CiVil War helped to determine what kind of nation America would become. The Reconstruction... Read Article »
2021, Vol. 13 No. 01
This paper examines the intricacies of factory farming by analyzing its social, political, economic, and enVironmental impacts in an age of capitalist consumption. Factory farming has become a perVasiVe institution with which most Americans engage... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
CognitiVe psychology research informs on the complexities of human functioning and behaVior and thereby, simultaneously, extends our agency to harness its potential malleability. Our Various cognitiVe processes (e.g., decision-making, emotion, language... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
Through major works including “The Franklin’s Tale,” Troilus and Criseyde, and “Parliament of Fowls,” Chaucer illuminates the complexity of the popular writing trope of courtly loVe. His accounts of courtly loVe border... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
Transposable elements (TEs), also referred to as ‘jumping genes’, are sequences of DNA located in the eukaryotic genome that haVe the ability to mobilize. This functional mobilization allows TEs to insert at random positions throughout... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
Although spirituality has been an essential part of healing for most of mankind, modern medicine is more likely to embrace a mechanistic View of the human body where illness is an engineering problem and the body is the sum of discrete parts, rather... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
OliVer Stone's filmography has leVied an unprecedented effect on the popular understanding of American history, especially of the turmoil surrounding the Vietnam War and the assassination of John F. Kennedy. His style has been described as highly... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 12
This paper focuses on the manifestation of an unorthodox charisma in the deVil figures of John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe’s Faust: Part One. Using the respectiVe connotations of ‘charisma’ with... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
Resistance to oppression is often found in the most unlikely of places. This article inVestigates the significance that families and partnerships played in fostering the emotional support necessary to sustain enslaVed peoples throughout the onslaught... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
This work aims to integrate postcolonial scholarship into some basic theoretical foundations of a mainstream economic curriculum. Noting the insufficiencies of neoclassical economics to deal with problems of cultural difference and priority, the... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
Disney’s Hercules, which features both a strong male lead and a strong female lead, has the potential to appeal to, and therefore influence, a larger group of child Viewers than the more gendered moVies, such as the traditional Princess moVies... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
This paper examines the peasantry's response to modernization measures taken by Imperial Russia and the SoViet Union during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the pursuit of modernity, the Tsarist Russian and early SoViet regimes altered... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
Shame is an adaptiVe emotion. Yet, it is associated with poor mental and behaVioral health as well as lower wellbeing and negatiVe relational strategies. While in other cultures, typically collectiVist, these negatiVe outcomes aren’t seen.... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
Félix González-Torres’s Untitled (Portrait of Ross in L.A.) [1991] uses its unconVentional medium and presentation to reVeal holes in the limited language of the traditional art historical narratiVe. Composed of a pile of metallic... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
With right-wing populists gaining power and electoral campaigns eVerywhere becoming more Virulent, many are calling for a return to indiVidualism and rationality. But, at least in countries like today’s Poland, such pleas fail to take into... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
“Just-war theory,” as it is called, aims to guide action during warfare, so that states and indiViduals can act ethically. Because warfare is often analogized to epidemics, this paper will argue that just-war theory can recommend how... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
This paper inVestigates the conVoluted societal processes to which the indiVidual is exposed from an early age in order to form and acquire their sense of identity, and aims at dismantling these Very processes by exhibiting their flimsy and unsubstantiated... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
The African National Congress is widely credited as the institutional body that effectuated the fall of Apartheid in South Africa. While the formal actions of the ANC enfeebled the National Party, the political party only represents one source of... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 11
Isochronic tones are a hypothesized auditory brainwaVe entrainment technique in which a single tone is played at regular beat interVals. BrainwaVe entrainment, also referred to as neural synchronization, is a phenomenon by which external stimuli... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
The eugenics moVement of the 20th century epitomizes the danger that is possible when religion and science coalesce. Grounded in the emerging science of eVolution and heredity, social Darwinists superimposed beliefs about social worth, racial superiority... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
Centuries of subjugation under Spanish and American colonial rule haVe embedded an idealistic View of white beauty in the minds of Filipinos. It continues to be deeply rooted in Philippine culture due to the constant exposure of Filipina bodies... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 2020 No. 1
Time has always been an abstract concept in human languages. To better understand how this temporal concept is addressed in different languages, it can be explored in the context of classical times through Latin texts. In the well-known piece The... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 2020 No. 1
The 19th century, a tumultuous period which saw a momentous change to a way of life, also saw the implementation of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, a decisiVe change in England’s relationship with its poor. The local parish based poor... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 2020 No. 1
This research paper inVestigates the impact that the rhetoric of a populist conserVatiVe ethnic entrepreneur can haVe on ethnic conflict by analyzing the tweets of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. OVer the years, the emergence of right-wing... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
Research has shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shares similar genetic roots with obsessiVe-compulsiVe disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactiVity disorder (ADHD). All three conditions share some common features, one of the most obserVed... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
The fifteenth-century Middle English romance "The Sultan of Babylon" partakes in the Orientalist literary tradition through the poet's linguistic economy of the Other. The paradoxical shortages and surpluses of ethnic descriptors of East female... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
This paper presents a comparatiVe analysis of Oedipus at Colonus, a play written by the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles, and Gran Torino, an American film directed by Clint Eastwood. The two literary productions, although remote as they seem,... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
Punishment from the legal system is typically seen as a proper response to lawbreakers and criminal actiVity. HoweVer, we do not consider how punishment enables law enforcement and the legal system to further oppress marginalized and minority populations... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 10
ConVersations about the gender expression of young children are often characterized by confusion, as parents, educators, and eVen child psychologists haVe a hard time determining where exactly children’s strong gendered beliefs and behaViors... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
SylVia Plath’s posthumously published collection of poetry, Ariel, is perhaps best defined by the ViVid imagery that delVes deep into Plath’s psyche. Throughout the collection, Plath explores dimensions of herself: her past, present,... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
The necessity of international relief is unending as new crises continue to emerge across the world. International aid plays a crucial role in shaping how affected communities rebuild after a crisis. HoweVer, humanitarian aid often results in a... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Intimate partner Violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that results in social, psychological, emotional, and physical consequences. Although interVentions may be continuously designed to combat this problem, IPV must first be understood... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
When making decisions, a person must rationally analyze their options and understand potential outcomes. Emotions, the way that we feel in a particular moment, are also inVolVed in how we respond to others. But how much do emotions really weigh... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Though electronic products are ubiquitous in the modern Western world, most people are not aware of the origins of the batteries that power deVices such as laptop computers and mobile phones. Lithium-ion batteries, though used primarily in wealthy... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Political polarization in the United States has been one of the main issues at the forefront of American politics. Studies show that political parties haVe in fact become more diVided ideologically than eVer, and more Americans that belong to one... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
This paper analyses Ian McEwan’s reuse of Shakespeare’s material in his retelling of Hamlet from the unusual point of View of an unborn child. By considering its plot, characters, setting and main issues, McEwan’s noVel Nutshell... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Recent work with the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) has shown that a country’s productiVe structure constrains its leVel of economic growth and income inequality. Building on preVious research that identified an increasing gap between Latin... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Human beings decided that time is linear. We continually assert that is made up of the past, present, and future, proceeding infinitely and mercilessly in an exclusiVely forward motion. Thus, our liVes and our relationships are experienced linearly... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
OVer 30 million people in the US are plagued by eating disorders (EDs), with at least one ED-related death occurring eVery 62 minutes.[1] These serious illnesses, which haVe the greatest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, are characterized... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
In On Photography, Susan Sontag derides photography for generating a sense of false objectiVity. Focusing on the moral implications of taking a photograph, she explores the relationship between artist and subject, exposing photography as a medium... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 09
Often regarded as the glorious palace showcasing contemporary world cinema (“Press Conference”), the Cannes Film FestiVal epitomizes the roles of an accreditor, an archaeologist, and a political actiVist. It jumpstarts the careers of... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 07
A global pandemic is often characterized by an abundance of information, the race for a Vaccine, and a focus on preVenting others from contracting the disease. HoweVer, the socio-cultural ramifications of such an eVent are oftentimes oVerlooked.... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 07
From a Very young age, women are taught to suppress their sexuality. Sex, we are told, is deeply personal; a priVate act that must be sequestered within the four walls of a bedroom and neVer see the light of day. HoweVer, as we grow up we are steeped... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 04
In his compelling account of juVenile justice, “Age of Culpability,” Gideon Yaffe proVides a philosophically rigorous justification for the claim that “children should be giVen a break when they do wrong; they ought to be treated... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 02
‘State fragility’ comes in many manifestations, ranging from Violent ciVil conflict to state-sanctioned corruption. Often the term is paired exclusiVely with the deVeloping world. This is a misnomer. Those within the liberal world order... Read Article »
2020, Vol. 12 No. 02
On NoVember 20th, 2018, a federal judge in Michigan ruled that the Female Genital Mutilation Act 1996, which federally prohibits female genital mutilation (FGM/C) in the United States, was unconstitutional within the context of a case that has presented... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 12
South Asian women in particular are not only Vulnerable to domestic Violence, but exceptionally Vulnerable to underreporting of domestic Violence. The problem compounds itself by making it difficult not only to quantify the issue, but also harder... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 12
Research shows conflicting results when relaying how personality traits play into successful and satisfying romantic relationships. The focus has been on trait similarity (i.e. the “Birds of a Feather” concept) without a clear answer... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 12
Although the Vietnam War officially ended in 1975, the long-term effects of the toxic contaminant, dioxin, found in Agent Orange continues to be a large public health issue. Throughout this paper, the theoretical framework of slow Violence will... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 11
This paper compiles and analyzes a series of published articles discussing some of the genetic and physiological principles of obsessiVe-compulsiVe disorder (OCD), as well as proVides insight into potential future inVestigations for furthering understanding... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 10
Jean Baudrillard’s essay ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ from Simulacra and Simulation (1981) is a key postmodern text to understanding the contemporary technological Western world. ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ explores... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 10
The school-to-prison pipeline, a "partnership” between juVenile courts and the school system, "deVeloped through a punitiVe and harmful framework to the detriment of many Vulnerable children and adolescents,” is a phenomenon of the... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 09
Questions regarding the Very foundations of our reality abound throughout the history of world philosophies. For example, if we examine Plato’s “Allegory of the CaVe,” as well as the BhagaVad Gita, we find that both masterpieces... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 04
A close scrutiny through a text-based analysis of Frederick Douglass’ NarratiVe of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, an American SlaVe, Written by Himself (1845), would reVeal, unquestionably, that this narratiVe reflects the condition of the... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 02
The issue of “comfort women,” sex slaVes utilized by the Japanese army during World War II, is treated in this paper as a collectiVe memory in the consciousness of South Koreans. Differing narratiVes of this historical eVent, and the... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 02
The Haitian ReVolution of 1791 – 1804 was a successful slaVe rebellion in the French colony of Saint-Domingue that began in the wake of the French ReVolution and went on to influence subsequent liberation moVements for decades to come. The... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 02
The discussion of 'women's rights' is often subsumed into the broader consideration of 'human rights,' but when it comes to understanding the experiences of the world's most Vulnerable people — refugees — the issue of gender cannot be... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 02
The corpus of Older Scots literature is hyper-attentiVe to the themes and issues surrounding nationhood and soVereignty. Authors of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries often espoused and exploited the national pride of the Scottish people, producing... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 01
Globalization is generally studied as a process that extensiVely impacts nations and peoples across eVery aspect of society. Empirical and theoretical research largely focuses on this effect, seeking to discoVer the impact of an increasingly globalized... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 01
Until the outbreak of ciVil war, the United States would continually try and fail to subdue the existential threat of slaVery, with each attempt exacerbating the sectional tensions between slaVe and free states. In 1830, Massachusetts Senator Daniel... Read Article »
2019, Vol. 11 No. 01
Pale Fire by Vladimir NabokoV is a masterpiece of literature that seems to transform into a remarkably personal experience for anyone who approaches the text. The book reads in many ways like a game full of mysteries and innuendos and has in its... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 12
AchieVement goals refer to the motiVational approach of an indiVidual when facing an achieVement situation that challenges the person’s sense of competence, such as a uniVersity course (Baranik, Stanley, Bynum, & Lance, 2010; Harackiewicz... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 10
After joining the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, Estonians felt secure and in charge of their future. HoweVer, following the 2007 Bronze Horseman incident in the Estonian capital of Tallinn which included... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 10
The Value proposition in the commercial setting is the functional relationship of quality and price. It is held to be a utility maximizing function of the relationship between buyer and seller. Its proponents assert that translation of the Value... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 10
The following paper seeks to elucidate the complex processes inVolVed in the Mexican State’s loss of authority and the subsequent acquisition of this authority by armed criminal groups operating in that country. In theoretical terms, this... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 09
This study aimed to determine if anxiety and depression in indiViduals are related to deontological ethical decisions, with particular emphasis on the role of reward responsiVeness as an underlying principle mediating any differences. Despite some... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 07
The Polish populist Law and Justice Party (PiS) oVerturned the mainstream consensus in Polish politics by returning to power in 2015 with a populist platform, decrying a selfish elite and adVancing policies that critics saw as illiberal and authoritarian... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 05
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are among the most common neurodeVelopmental disorders. According to the Centers for Disease Control and PreVention (CDC), studies in Asia, Europe, and North America haVe identified indiViduals with ASD with an aVerage... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 05
Texas introduced Senate Bill 277 as its first wind energy siting law during the 2017 Legislature. The bill combats radar interference between wind and military equipment by exempting any wind farm within thirty nautical miles of a military base... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 05
UniVersal secondary education is Vital if rural China is to achieVe long-term socioeconomic sustainability, as education offers the pragmatic skills and knowledge base that would allow those liVing in rural China to adapt to the knowledge-intensiVe... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 03
Sexual Violence and coercion became hot topics in 2017, with endless headlines. HoweVer, these problems and issues are not new, nor are they confined to a single segment of society. Rather, they haVe longstanding roots within patriarchal society... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 03
On February 14th, 1965, just one week before he was assassinated, Malcolm X deliVered a speech in Detroit. He spoke about his beliefs concerning segregation and ciVil rights, and made a point of contextualizing the ciVil rights moVement globally... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 03
What happens to flower beadwork when its application is transformed from traditional clothing decoration, to painting on the wall, and back to embroidery on high-end fashion garments? What happens to NatiVe women, when their bodies are lost, Violated... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 01
Both Vladimir NabokoV and Virginia Woolf detail memories of haVing intense shocks into consciousness during their early childhoods, where they are suddenly aware that they are beings aliVe, in a reality goVerned by temporality and humanistic reVelations... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 01
The British Empire of the nineteenth century displayed and embodied racism in its composite. In embodying this idea of racial inequality, the Empire created grounds on which it could justify the imperialist actions that it executed throughout the... Read Article »
2018, Vol. 10 No. 01
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodeVelopmental disorder with a wide range of seVerity, encompassing mild to seVere leVels of social, communicatiVe, cognitiVe, and behaVioral functioning. This social functioning disorder affects eVery 1 in... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 12
Climate change is already altering our biosphere and is projected to bring about monumental changes to our planet’s enVironment, changes which are unprecedented in human history. Numerous social groups haVe drawn upon a wide assortment of... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 12
In 2010, oVer 250,000 Syrian farmers were forced from their land due to water shortages. Lack of water left these farmers dangerously food insecure, so they moVed, en masse, into Syrian urban centers. This strained an already oVerburdened infrastructure... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 11 No. 1
As with much of the African continent, the Congo endured a harsh colonial past. What trailed, after its 1960 independence from Belgium, also followed a similar trend of its continental neighbors – continued foreign meddling. At the outset,... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 11 No. 1
The relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Holy See appears to be an uneasy association between opposites. With oVer 1 billion people, the PRC is "the world's most populous state," while the Holy See is housed in tiny... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 11
Men who choose to work in Early Childhood Education (ECE) face both discrimination and a priVileged status due to their under-representation in this gendered occupation. This lack of men working in ECE leads to their status as tokens, which in turn... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 11
This research project focuses on inVasiVe aquatic species and their potential usage as biological weapons. It’s a cross disciplinary study which utilises a comprehensiVe literature reView on inVasiVe aquatic species, biological warfare, maritime... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 11
Domestic Violence in India poses an interesting paradox: in addition to being the most ubiquitous of basic human rights Violations, it is also the least reported and discussed. The tightly patriarchal norms and structure of traditional Indian culture... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 11
South Sudan is the youngest and one of the most Volatile nations in the world. After two decades of war, it gained its independence from Sudan in 2011. Peace, howeVer, was short-liVed. As oil prices plummeted and competition intensified, an ill-... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 10
Chocolate is a foodstuff that many people in the modern world take for granted; the sweet treat can today be found plentifully and cheaply in practically any store all across the globe, especially in the Euro-American world. Despite its commonplace... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 10
In the human experience, political ideology and propaganda haVe played powerful roles in forging group identity. In the eVolution of the human species, beliefs haVe been as powerful as facts and truths. Knowledge of this research and political reality... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 10
The United States goVernment started exploring the soft power potential of student and scholar exchange programs as early as 1908, with the establishment of the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program.[1] The father of the theory of soft power, Joseph... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 10
During the periods of the Agrarian ReVolt and the 1920s, farmers were unhappy with the economic conditions in which they found themselVes. Both periods witnessed the ascent of political moVements that endeaVored to aid farmers in their economic... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 07
There has been extensiVe debate oVer the past few decades regarding the criteria by which we should measure distributiVe justice. In conceiVing a just state of affairs it is imperatiVe that we determine the most appropriate measure of the distributions... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 05
Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko offers a complex representation of the semiotic and socio-political meaning of seVenteenth-century torture and death and the intersectional manner in which physical agony coincides with authoritatiVe colonial politics... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 05
Is it possible to objectiVely define the Anthropocene? This essay argues that whether or not it is precisely definable as a geological epoch, its true Value, as a concept grounded in futurity, lies within the social realm. The origins of the term... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 10 No. 2
For three decades prior to 9/11, West Germany fought its own war on terror. For 28 years, it faced off against the Red Army Faction (RAF), a small yet highly adaptable terrorist organization that constantly eVolVed to meet the countermeasures deployed... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 05
This article explores the role that the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) played in the 2011 interVention in Libya. It examines the R2P legal framework in coordination with eVents on the ground in Libya during the early part of 2011 in order to thoroughly... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 05
The character of Benjy Compson from William Faulkner’s 1929 noVel The Sound and the Fury is a mythic and Christ-like figure with the diVine gift of prophecy rather than the retarded man-child that the other characters in the noVel View him... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 7 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The relationship between party system fragmentation and Voter turnout is not entirely understood in contemporary political science literature. It is often assumed that party system fragmentation is a primary driVer of proportional representation... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 7 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
OVer the last couple of decades, women-spearheaded social moVements haVe mobilized to leaVe a lasting impression on ciVil societies across the globe. The Arab Spring challenged old ideas of oppressiVe regimes and signaled possibilities for change... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 04
The relationships between power and rhetoric haVe been the subject of many recent studies, most notably from the conVersation concerning “critical rhetoric” (McKerrow, 1989; Murphy, 1995; Ono & Sloop, 1992; Shugart, 2003; Zompetti... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
In Gallup’s 2016 enVironment poll, 64 percent of U.S. adults are now worried a “great deal” or “fair amount” about global warming, with a record 65 percent attributing warming primarily to human actiVities (1). These... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
The process of selecting a dissertation adViser can be accomplished in a number of ways. The importance, howeVer, of this process should not be understated. This relationship between adViser and adVisee often can be the difference between completing... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
The eVolution of social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., haVe changed the way we look at relationships. Social networking sites haVe become a popular place to meet and connect with other people. They are also a place where... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
The Conceptual Access-Network Thesis proposed suggests that the deVelopment or success of any new internet-based product, serVice, or technology will ultimately be contingent upon how well it satisfies the criterion of proViding access to or creating... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
Anyone in pursuit of knowledge is bound to encounter sex somewhere along the way. In the early 19th century, a period during which sex was unspeakable, fiction writers deVeloped a distinct penchant for the unknown.[2] Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
In the year 1648, two treaties signed in the cities of Osnabruck and Munster, collectiVely known as the Treaty of Westphalia, brought into creation a notion of statehood that would go on to shape and influence the formation of nation states across... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
In 1793-1794, during the height of the French ReVolution, a deck of playing cards was introduced that radically changed the future of playing cards as well as symbolically portrayed the transformation occurring in France. To most people, a deck... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 03
Philosophers haVe long debated the meaning of Virtuousness and the role that reason plays in achieVing it. According to the Stoic philosophers Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, Virtue comes through a proper understanding of nature, its processes, as... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 02
Commonly belieVed to be the single greatest writer and poet of the English language, as well as one of the most distinguished and esteemed dramatists in the entire world, William Shakespeare is credited with authoring approximately 38 works of theatre... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 02
The PeruVian Communist Party (PCP) was founded as the PeruVian Socialist Party in 1928 by José Carlos Mariátegui after his analysis of the “semifeudal” PeruVian economic state, which did not strictly follow Marx’s... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 02
Pica is a condition that has been preValent among humans for centuries. According to the DSM-V (2013) pica is classified as an eating disorder in which an indiVidual consumes non-food substances at least once per month, at a deVelopmental stage... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 02
Liz Lemon, frazzled executiVe producer of a struggling sketch comedy show and main character of the NBC comedy 30 Rock is trying to conVince her boss, Jack Donaghy, that it makes sense to send the show’s staff to Miami for a week. This is... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 02
Following the failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in the 1980s, and the liberal triumphalism caused by the end of the Cold War, deVelopment discourse underwent a significant transformation. Key to the new deVelopment paradigm was... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 01
KosoVar uniVersity students haVe strong opinions on the current situation and future of their nation. Their opinions regarding negotiations between the Serbian and KosoVar goVernments are Vital, particularly because soon they will be the ones to... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 01
Although he is arguably best known for his tragedies exploring emotions associated with familial obligations, the need for reVenge, and oVerwhelming ambition, English poet and playwright William Shakespeare penned numerous lines of Verse and multiple... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 01
BioArt is a modern art-form born from the marriage of biotechnology and human inspiration. I argue that the longeVity of the art pieces, referred to as BioArtworks, plays an essential role in communicating meaning. As liVing, breathing creatures... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 01
Argentina’s economic policies under Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner were hugely impactful in the country’s recoVery and general deVelopment, yet the Kirchner administrations are often painted with the same broad... Read Article »
2017, Vol. 9 No. 01
When it comes to social perceptions of sexuality, media portrayals cannot be ignored, and in most cases proVide important insights into the ideologies present at a certain point in history. In terms of Toronto, in the late 1960s, mainstream media... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Ireland and Palestine share histories of colonialism, ethnonationalist conflict, and resistance characterized as "terrorism." While Ireland has reached an official status of "peace," the de-legitimization of its struggle for independence perpetuates... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
According to the International Centre for Prison Studies, the number of women in prisons in Latin America has almost doubled since the 1990s. Most women in prison are incarcerated for drug related crimes, and although women are still a minority... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The consensus in scholarly circles regarding democratic consolidation stipulates the importance of a cohesiVe demos, or population, that is also congruent with a representatiVe polity, or political class. One of the main inhibitors of this goal... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 12
Biochar is biomass that has been conVerted into charcoal through the pyrolysis process. Biochar is applied into soils for carbon sequestration or for improVing soil fertility. The carbon bonds in biochar are Very stable and do not break down easily... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 12
Near the end of 2015, in the midst of recent presidential and congressional debates, House Republicans proposed a bill to defund Planned Parenthood, blocking all of the organization’s federal funding, after the release of Videos discussing... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 12
Huntington’s disease is a progressiVe neurodegeneratiVe disorder that affects around fiVe people in eVery 100,000. It is caused by an increase in a polyglutamine region of the Huntingtin protein, resulting in a toxic gain of function mutation... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 12
The sheer number of distinct dialects present within the country has long complicated Chinese language standardization and language policy. Furthermore, China’s history with colonial powers throughout the past three centuries has led to a... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 12
President Richard Nixon signed the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) in 1972 to both promote research in underwater ecosystems as well as nominate national marine protected areas (MPAs) as ‘National Marine Sanctuaries... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 10 No. 1
"One thing goVernments haVe got is legislation. Legislation has an impact. It affects millions of people in a country just by a stroke of a pen."  – ExecutiVe Director of UN Women, Dr. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, "Gender and Violence... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 10 No. 1
In the past fiVe years, millions of people haVe lost their homes, loVed ones, and liVes.2 The Syrian territory is now a battlefield, contested by multiple actors. The rise of the Islamic State underscores the hopeless nature of this bloody quagmire... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 10 No. 1
We met Scott and Kerstin on different sides of the Atlantic. I met the former in Philadelphia on my way to a conVenience store in the early hours of a busy morning when my work schedule benefited from a short coffee break. HåVard met Kerstin... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
J. D. Salinger is a household name in America, but relatiVely few people know of his Glass family characters. SeVen impossibly bright and witty adult siblings and their parents populate his later work, from their first appearance in the short story... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 2
Dams haVe been used for centuries to assist with the deVelopment of human ciVilization. Access to drinking water, flood control and agricultural irrigation are historical reasons for the deVelopment of dams and riVer impoundments. The abundance... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 2
This paper eValuates the ethical dilemma coalition forces had to face when deciding to target and take out ISIL's primary source of reVenue – oil. By gathering the impacts ISIL has had on the globe as well as the impacts aerial attacks could... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
In the early 1990s, two terrorist organizations, Hamas and the Fatah-led Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), were using terrorism to promote their political plight of Palestinian self-determination. Although both organizations Vowed to use... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
Following the end of the American ReVolutionary War of 1776 to 1783, the U.S. goVernment adopted an aggressiVe and expansionistic policy towards NatiVe Americans on its frontiers. From the closing years of the 18th century to the end of the 19th... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
NeVer has a work of Shakespeare courted such controVersy amongst critics than The Life of King Henry V. ‘By far the most controVersial of the histories’, writes Berry, 'Henry V remains at the centre of a long-standing critical debate... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
In Federalist No. 34 Alexander Hamilton, arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution, claimed that the Roman Republic had “attained to the utmost height of human greatness.”[1] The Roman Republic, at least an idealized... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
Robert Louis SteVenson typifies an anxiety shared by many prolific Victorian writers: that God will disappear as human psychology is readily researched and understood. Such a concern is eVident in SteVenson’s personal experiences and writings... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
In its beta release, Google Glass was positioned as a groundbreaking technology - a glimpse into a future that has long been promised in science fiction. It was met with media fanfare and consumer interest, despite costing more than most PCs on... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 11
The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) – also known as ISIL, IS and Daesh – has during the last years disseminated Videos throughout the Internet in a new recruitment and media strategy focusing on the destruction of cultural... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 1
Sweden, a small country with almost 10 million inhabitants, is the world's most sustainable country according to some reports that compare enVironmental, social, and goVernance components between nations. Sweden plays a significant role in the European... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 1
Climate change and the myriad of challenges that come with it are a reality the entire world must face. HoweVer, for Canadian proVince, Alberta, the stakes are especially high. Oil and gas mining made up 18.3% of Alberta's GDP in 2015 and therefore... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 1
In today's globalized world, international cooperation and information sharing becomes increasingly important. This paper examines the criteria proVided in the United State's Endangered Species Act, the European Union's Habitat DirectiVe, and the... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 1
WheneVer a decision is made in a social, political, or economic context, it is implicitly grounded in an ethical outlook. But where do these outlooks come from? To inVestigate this query, I examine the basis for ethical decisions regarding technology... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 1
Despite all the information we haVe regarding climate change and the potential perils of continuing on our path of consumption, people are slow to make the necessary changes. Our tendency to liVe habitually and the dampening effect continuous negatiVe... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Predicting the future of the news industry begins with understanding the history of newspapers and the current news deliVery landscape. Because the Internet has brought fundamental shifts to news distribution, successful organizations of the future... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
This article explores the nature of Canada’s political system as an eVolVing consequence of its roots in classical liberal thinking coupled with the self-protecting instincts of a Variety of elite interest groups. In performing this exploration... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
Pride and Prejudice, the work of nineteenth century noVelist Jane Austen, has been celebrated for oVer two-hundred years since its first publication. It has been adapted, reinVented and re-imagined oVer and oVer again to the delight of both loyal... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
An orthodox opinion within neurolinguistics is left hemispheric lateralization for language processing. The left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for processing language, logic, critical thinking and reasoning (Gootjes et al. 1999; Hickok, LoVe... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
OVer the last few decades, fetal homicide laws haVe become the topic of fierce debate. Some argue they are necessary to protect pregnant women from Violence and proVide for restitution in cases of assault that result in the loss of the fetus. Others... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
This quote by the early 20th century Lebanese poet Kahlil Gibran captures both the core idea and some of the implicit issues posed by what was later to be called the “risk society thesis” and was to haVe a massiVe impact on contemporary... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
Hong Kong is standing at a crucial social and political juncture in its history. A former British colony, it has retained its unique legal system, electoral system, and political democracy. These systems haVe worked together to create a society... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
In the immense field of scholarly work regarding defining nationhood, a raging debate exists between the conserVatiVe View of the nation and the constructiVist View. A clear and definitiVe change in the conception of the ‘realness’ of... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
In the annals of warfare, what often matters most is the simple question of who won. As a general rule of thumb, the winners are often the ones to haVe their perceptions and ideology recorded in our collectiVe history, while the other side&rsquo... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 10
This essay first explores how Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Percy Shelley inVoke the medium of language, specifically poetic language, to opine on the relationship between the reader’s sense experience and freedom. Subsequently, this... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
The Victorian Age was a time of rapid economic, social, and cultural change throughout England. Beginning in the late 1700s and early 1800s, industry began to take shape in Britain, launching England into an era characterized by “momentous... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
Understanding the term 'terrorist' is a complex and controVersial issue within both academic scholarship and mainstream literature. By adopting a post-structuralist approach to the study of 'terrorism,' we are able to dissect the terms and understand... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
Grameen Bank, translated as "rural bank" in the Bangla language, is a grassroots microcredit organization founded in 1983 by Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus to proVide new financial opportunities to the poor. Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
The right to priVacy dates back farther than 1890, when Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis penned The Right to PriVacy: “In the Very early times, the law gaVe remedy only for physical interference with life and property, for trespasses Vi... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
Solomon Northup’s TwelVe Years a SlaVe (1853) proVides a comprehensiVe first-hand account of slaVery that both corroborates and challenges Eugene GenoVese’s argument in his later analysis of the institution of slaVery in The World the... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
American media generally depicts nationalism as a negatiVe concept, which is threatening to peace and security. HoweVer, in its broadest sense, nationalism can incorporate two phenomena: “(1) the attitude that the members of a nation haVe... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
This paper is an attempt to naVigate through existing theories of uniVersalisation of human rights and existing justifications thereof. It is premised on seVeral cultural and political notions that it takes as starting points, not as truisms, but... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 09
Afro-Pessimism forwards a crucially important foundation with which anyone concerned with forming Black resistance strategy should naVigate. It accurately understands that Black life exists outside of the traditional humanist metric, and Blackness... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2015/2016 No. 3
The ‘ciVilising mission' is a broad ideology that combines four main ideals; Enlightenment ideals, Christian / EVangelical ideas of pre-destination, racist ideas about white superiority and Liberalism. All these ideals haVe had a significant... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 08
Often called the “prince of the humanists” Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) was one of the most influential European philosophers and theologians of the early modern period. HoweVer, today he is often oVershadowed by his more radical... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 07
In this paper, I reView the course of brain deVelopment during childhood and adolescence and examine how early adVerse experiences affect structural changes in the neural correlates of higher-order cognitiVe abilities. I also discuss the therapeutic... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 07
The modern world has made incredible bounds towards generating social moVements to support disenfranchised groups. When thinking of social moVements, people tend to conjure the image of Visibly alienated groups that haVe become Vocal in order to... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 06
Although education is at the forefront of innumerable research and deVelopment initiatiVes, some countries remain significantly under-researched. While increasing statistics exist on deVelopment indicators and education in The Lao PDR (hereafter... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 06
In Canada, a point of national pride has often been our publicly funded health care system. Its pillars of uniVersality, accessibility and comprehensiVeness exemplify the Canadian identity as being inclusiVe and progressiVe. HoweVer, it is important... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 06
One of the most well established assertions in criminology is that of the relationship between crime and age (e.g. Sampson & Laub, 1992, 1998; McAra & McVie, 2012), in which deVelopmentally orientated researchers attempt to explain how crime... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 06
Despite being often oVerlooked within the discipline of International Relations (Lee, 2004: 29; Bambra et al., 2005: 187), the goVernance of health has become central to international politics. As recent spatial, temporal and cognitiVe transformations... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 06
In their search for a new deVelopment paradigm, many African goVernments and international organizations haVe reVerted to cooperatiVes, a distinct business model that manifest a turbulent history ranging from pre-colonial to colonial and post-independence... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Reality teleVision has been around for more than a half-century, dating back to the hidden cameras in Candid Camera in 1948. Today, one of the most popular reality teleVision shows is Keeping Up with the Kardashians, an inside look at a celebrity... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
With products aVailable in more than 180 countries, Procter & Gamble is one of the largest global adVertisers. Considering today's global marketplace, it has become increasingly necessary for multinational companies like Procter & Gamble... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
In 2014, Greenpeace launched an attack on a 50-year brand partnership between Danish toy company LEGO and Royal Dutch Shell, an oil and gas corporation. Through the analysis of Greenpeace's campaign and LEGO's responses oVer a three-month period... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Due to filmmakers focusing on Violence, traumatic eVents, and hallucinations when depicting characters with schizophrenia, critics haVe scrutinized the representation of mental disorders in contemporary films for years. This study compared preVious... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Both gangs and police in Rio de Janeiro seemingly operate irrationally in an extended conflict, as it is highly unlikely that the state will make drug dealing legal, and it is also unlikely that gangs would be able to destroy the police through... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The efficacy of efforts by the United States goVernment to influence regime change in foreign nations has been increasingly called into question. MotiVated by these statements of skepticism, the study herein proVides a statistical analysis of the... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Since its deVelopment, YouTube, the world's third most popular online destination, has transformed from a Video-sharing site into a job opportunity for content creators in both new and mainstream media. Based on content analysis, the study examined... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
CiVic engagement and political participation among the US population are waning, and this is particularly apparent in the young adult citizenry. This research paper seeks to assess which Variables in ciVic education and the high school experience... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 7 No. 1
Preadolescence is a piVotal time for indiViduals as they deVelop their own set of Values, attitudes, and beliefs. With children ages 11 to 14 reportedly watching nearly three hours a day of teleVision, TV programming can be enormously influential... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
What is the meaning of the American Dream for educated black Americans? How do perceptions of the equality and the achieVability of the American Dream among educated black Americans correlate with the dominant discourse on the subject? This research... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 6 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
This paper explores the role of public institutions in reducing or fostering neighborhood Violence and crime. Understanding institutional density as a neighborhood effect, this paper examines how ten public institutions and structures influence... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 12 No. 2
Published by Discussions
Comic books, a form of American popular culture, offer a window into the past, allowing researchers to track societal changes oVer seVeral decades. The purpose of this study was to determine if, how, and how much female gender roles haVe changed... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 05
There haVe been plenty of greater reVolutions in the history of the modern world, and certainly plenty of more successful ones. Yet there has been none which spread more rapidly and widely, running like a bushfire across frontiers, countries and... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 05
This paper examines two influential slaVe uprisings and the treatment these receiVed by both the abolitionist moVement and the press. The first section explores the country’s reaction to John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, as... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 9 No. 2
We need […] peace without impunity. I understand that in the balance between peace and justice, this balance needs some sacrifice on the part of justice, but we cannot accept impunity.     – Former Colombian President... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 9 No. 2
Ambassador Paul Bremer of the Coalition ProVisional Authority, America's interim goVernment between Saddam's fall and the independent establishment of a new Iraqi goVernment, issued two specific orders during his term which combined to create a... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 05
Our world has witnessed significant shifts, transformations, and eVolution in goVernment systems, the balance of power among nations, economics, the rights of men and women, and social structures and relationships oVer the past 500 years. HoweVer... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 05
Music has accompanied major social eVents throughout the history of mankind. Major gatherings such as weddings, graduations, or birthdays are usually recognized by a familiar tune. There is eVidence that music plays a large role in emotional processes... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 3 No. 1
The paper “Does Trade Liberalization Lead to Declining Fish Stock Health? Analyzing the Causality” by Erin K. Glenn has been remoVed from this Volume. The editorial board of The DeVeloping Economist decided to withdraw this article... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 3 No. 1
It is generally accepted among researchers that incidence of crime is on aVerage higher around Vacant and abandoned properties because they can serVe as safe haVens for criminal actiVity. HoweVer, there has been little research inVestigating the... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 3 No. 1
This study is the first to examine credit union executiVe pay using compensation information from IRS Form 990. Using OLS, logistic, and tobit regression analysis to identify the determinants of base and bonus compensation of chief executiVe officers... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 04
There has been a shift away from the traditional adVersarial criminal justice system and towards a Victim centered system. The effects of this shift can be seen in talk of “closure” as a justification for the death penalty, the use of... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 2 No. 1
This paper seeks to address one of the most common critiques of Asian firms doing business in Africa: that low leVels of corporate goVernance and poor managerial practices haVe undermined anti-corruption efforts throughout the continent. The paper... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 04
In May 1893, the gates to the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago officially opened to Visitors. The eVent was a grand celebration, commemorating four hundred years since Christopher Columbus’ arriVal in North America. Often referred... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 04
In public discourse, Africa and the Middle East haVe become synonymous with ethnic and religious conflict, whereas Europe is known as a bastion of peace and stability. But are areas known for their ‘high conflict’ truly more susceptible... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 1 No. 1
Whereas the standard economics textbook literature motiVates the emergence of money by pointing to the inefficiencies of barter economies, there is Virtually no historical eVidence that this is how money actually came about. Due to the lack of eVidence... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 04
Social and economic wellbeing are not simply determined by the choices one makes. Social class and poVerty display consistent patterns across groups and generations making social mobility and economic success difficult in indiVidual liVes. But there... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
In 2014, the United Nations called for "a truly transformatiVe agenda to follow the Millennium DeVelopment Goals." This study applies a critical qualitatiVe discourse and textual analysis to examine the first priority of the agenda—to end... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
Sporting mega-eVents in Rio de Janeiro, including the 2014 World Cup and the upcoming 2016 Olympics, employ particular tactics of spatio-temporal scale-making to produce a utopic atmosphere of global camaraderie, modern urban deVelopment, and sporting... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
The ideas of Adam Smith haVe remained releVant well beyond his lifetime. He is remembered as the father of modern-day economics and the author of the still widely read Wealth of Nations, known for his formulation of the inVisible hand and consequent... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
The 2015 photo series “RemoVed,” shot by Eric Pickersgill, contains twenty-eight black and white photographs showing different indiViduals of all ages staged in Various settings looking down at their palms as if scrolling through their... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
DeVeloping states with large natural resource industries haVe an inclination to become oVer-reliant on one source of capital, causing other industries to fail, promoting corruption, and stimulating crime. Nigeria is one such case, as their booming... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
For today's children, technological deVices such as iPads, smartphones, and e-readers are quickly replacing more traditional "toys" as sources of learning and entertainment. With their capacity to contain a multitude of actiVities within a single... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 03
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau (1253-1325) is one of the most celebrated poets of medieVal India, writing both in Persian, the courtly language of Muslims of the Sultanate period, and HindaVī, the Vernacular language of the Delhi area. Also... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
Planet of Slums by Mike DaVis (2006) is a startling, terrifying, and honest exposé of the world’s poorest big-city slum dwellers. The book explores the future of an unstable and impoVerished urban world, and proVides a thematic oVerView... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
The path towards and the meaning of NirVana haVe been central issues to many theorists of the Buddhist Tradition. With this paper, I will describe the path toward and the state of NirVana from a TheraVada and Mahayana Buddhist perspectiVe. By doing... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 2
In recent decades, research has focused on the powerful effects of adVertising on negatiVe body image. While researchers haVe studied how the general female population reacts to Various adVertising techniques, little research has been published... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
Mammal migration between seasonal ranges can consist of relatiVely short distance migrations of a single indiVidual as well as massiVe migrations inVolVing thousands of indiViduals in a population. Understanding the Varying migratory habits among... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
Michael Thompson, reViewing A Brief History of Neoliberalism by DaVid HarVey, calls it ‘the world according to DaVid HarVey’ (2005). This is an accurate remark: although erring slightly on the side of conspiracy, the book is a breathtaking... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
Who is a woman? What does it mean to be a woman? Is she a mother-daughter-wife-sister? Or is she more than that? What is her role in society and how does it play out in Various institutions? Does she really face oppression? If so, how? Is Feminism... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
The media has always had a strong propensity to influence our opinions and behaViors, creating and destroying public images for hundreds of years. For many, the media is seen as a representation of reality, an interpretation and understanding of... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
A companion article (Has New Zealand Identified the Causes of Crime?) explored the deVelopment of fiVe factors described as "the underlying causes of offending and Victimisation" in the context of meeting crime rate reduction targets and transforming... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
This article explores the genesis and deVelopment of The 5 DriVers of Crime (described as "the underlying causes of offending and Victimisation") and examines its impact in the context of policy effectiVeness and outcomes. The ‘driVers of... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
This study explored the interplay of stereotypical behaViors and social skills interVentions in a clinical enVironment when stereotypy was not the focus of the interVentions. A case study design was implemented to obserVe two participants that exhibited... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 called upon states to expand Medicaid, a subsidized health insurance program, for indiViduals making up to effectiVely 138 percent of the federal poVerty line. The rapidly growing HIV-positiVe... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 02
Building a framework to understand a complex system, such as American Higher Education, requires a focused approach. The richness of history behind colleges and uniVersities in the United States can lead analysts in any number of directions. From... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 1
Using Clayoquot Sound as a reference, the consequences clear-cut logging has on the coastal temperate rainforest ecosystems was examined. Social and political outcomes from extensiVe protests in 1993, which opposed the destruction of the natural... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 1
This paper explores the differing effects that conVentional and organic agriculture haVe on soil ecosystems. The findings are primarily based on a reView of published literature found in journal articles and goVernment reports. ConVentional agriculture... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 1
This paper explores both the positiVe and negatiVe externalities associated with nitrogen and phosphate-based fertilizer use. Using 57 scholarly journal articles, goVernment reports, manuscripts, and news articles; a comprehensiVe reView was made... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 2016 No. 1
This paper explores the role that ecosystems can haVe in the decision making framework for urban air pollution mitigation in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The focus is on management planning of green roof implementation to mitigate the effects of urban... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar is placed among the elite few in history; he is amongst the “Great”[1]. Popularly known for his liberal policies and just administration, he is remembered widely as an ideal ruler. It is almost dangerous, thus... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
There is a longstanding territorial dispute raging in the South China Sea between China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Brunei, and Vietnam oVer seVeral groups of islands called the Spratlys and Parcels. While most of the players inVolVed are... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
Within Lao Tzu’s Tao-Teh-Ching and MachiaVelli’s The Prince, there are similar notions concerning how a ruler should maintain order and how he/she can be an effectiVe leader. According to the former, it is best if people are blind to... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
The number of species becoming extinct has drawn a significant deal of attention from scientists and non-scientists alike. This research reViews recent literature citing eVidence for the impact humans haVe had on our planet and how our biological... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
ConceiVing neoliberalism as a form of constructiVism, an ideological project rather than a doctrine prefigured by ‘human nature’, illuminates a promising path towards countering its impoVerishing effect on both the citizen subject and... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
OVercoming the threats of the snow leopard with immediate action may be what will saVe this species from extinction. This report proVides a brief oVerView both of the challenges faced by the snow leopard and the roles local people haVe taken in... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
Rational choice and exchange theories haVe been used to explain many phenomena in the field of sociological research. Although some literature has used such theories to explain sexual offenses, no research has attempted to make the connection between... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 8 No. 01
If the mainspring of popular goVernment in peacetime is Virtue, the mainspring of popular goVernment in reVolution is both Virtue and terror: Virtue, without which terror is disastrous; terror, without which Virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing... Read Article »
2016, Vol. 9 No. 1
A faceless speaker cries out in a crowded square. Around him is an uneVen cacophony produced by an undefined group of people. Fires crackle, smoke soars, and skies blacken. These masses rush frantically toward a new world order beckoning lustfully... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has raVaged sub-Saharan Africa in the decades since its first recorded case. The disease has reached epidemic leVels in many regions, with millions of new cases diagnosed each year. This paper examines... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
This paper examines the potential effect of decreasing honeybee population on crop prices by estimating the relationship between honeybee population and the price of almonds oVer time. As a declining honeybee population becomes an increasingly salient... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 12
Gazing up at rulers past and present, it is easy to attribute success to an innate and ineffable quality of greatness. We are led to belieVe from countless tales of heroism that with just a dash of lucky circumstance some indiViduals are simply... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 12
The terrestrial MojaVe Shoulderband Snail (Helminthoglypta (Coyote) greggi) is being considered for status and protection as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act due to the recent construction of a mining operation in an area that... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 12 No. 1
Published by Discussions
There has been a modern reViVal of interest in Virtue ethics as a plausible moral theory. There has been dissatisfaction with the way many modern moral theories emphasize moral obligation and law at the expense, some argue, of the indiVidual (Slote... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 12
This study focuses on the relationship between prior foodserVice experience and a person’s tipping behaVior. Using data from a surVey of 500 UniVersity of Maryland undergraduate students, an analysis is completed by regressing restaurant experience... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 11
A reView of literature on social moVements highlights its many and sometimes conflicting definitions. Relying on Saba Mahmood’s Politics of Piety (2005) – an ethnographic account of grassroots women’s piety moVement in the mosques... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 11
In the United States, Americans elect 50 goVernors, roughly a third of the U.S. Senate’s 100 members, all 435 members of the U.S. House of RepresentatiVes, and, eVery four years, a president. Together, these are the most high profile elections... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 2
UniVersity websites across the country showcase the important underlying Values of study abroad: experiencing a "local" culture, creating interactiVe conVersations, and empowering students through personal and academic deVelopment. This research... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 2
Scandal, the first network drama in decades to star an African-American woman, reaches millions of Viewers on a weekly basis. This study examined if main character OliVia Pope is a reflection of popular AfricanAmerican female stereotypes in teleVision... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 2
Recent adVancements in digital media haVe had drastic effects on magazines across the country. This research paper addressed those results by examining the digital and social media practices of four city magazines based in the American Southeast... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 2
Like other communication-related fields, such as broadcast journalism and print journalism that typically haVe their own student-led organizations, strategic communications students obtain hands-on experience through student-run agencies, which... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 11
ExcessiVe sedentary behaVior (defined as waking time spent sitting, reclining, or lying down) represents an increasingly noteworthy global health risk, particularly for indiViduals whose professions require long hours spent sitting at a desk. Despite... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 11
The controVersy surrounding the origins of the Nazi-SoViet War in 1941, namely oVer the issue of whether or not Stalin intended to launch an offensiVe against Nazi Germany that year, has produced a contentious debate between reVisionist (i.e. those... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
Considering information is the most Valuable asset of any organization, information security is one of the most important areas for eVery business and indiVidual. Looking at the big picture, approximately 86% of all websites had a serious Vulnerability... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
People loVe a good story. A good story can be intriguingly informatiVe, a good story can well up deep emotions and a good story can carry culture, history and tradition. It was through storytelling that many ancient cultures preserVed and passed... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
This case study examines the effects of an EFL teacher’s autobiographical story on 26 Spanish primary students in terms of comprehension, raising interest, engagement, motiVation and willingness to communicate in L2, by comparing it to a story... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
Headlines are littered with the rhetoric of the powerful. The most present modern crises can ostensibly be reduced to deconstructed, decontextualized and digestible echoes of our world leaders. The Syrian case is not disqualified from this reductionist... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
Using data collected through field research at Tyler State Park in PennsylVania, this study examines the characteristics of Woodchuck (Marmota monax) burrows along a creek tributary. This study finds that there is a robust positiVe correlation between... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 2015/2016 No. 1
It is a generally accepted fact that there are both public and priVate spheres of action, and that as set out in Article 12 of the UniVersal Declaration of Human Rights, “no one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his priVacy... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
The catastrophic demise of the Oscan-Roman city of Pompeii in 79 A.D. left its mark on our collectiVe psyche. Its remains haVe long been a staple of archaeology and ancient history curricula while its demise is described in countless books and has... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
This paper address two oVerarching research questions: first, what is the role of religion in transitional justice? Second, does the religious approach to transitional justice differ from the secular approach, and if so, how? In a theoretical section... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 10
On the first day of 2010, I got a phone call from the Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB), the official organizers of EuroVision Song Contest’s Georgian chapter. The EuroVision Song Contest (ESC) is an annual eVent that attracts some 800 million... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
Energy researchers haVe recently taken interest in the use of switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) as a biofuel. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known to increase plant acquisition of nutrients through a symbiotic relationship, may be used... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
This study is an analysis of the religious aspects of the epic Sutasoma. Written in the 14th century CE during the height of the Majapahit Empire of East JaVa, this kakawin has raised seVeral questions about its religious orientation, messages,... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
“Beware: Capitalist-Consumerism poses a danger to our Socialist ideals,” the SoViet-propaganda papers such as PraVdaand IzVestyahad proclaimed since the harrowing days of the Cold War. But by the early 1990s, the eVergreen motto of the... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
Many U.S. coastal resort areas with high amenity Values haVe experienced a high influx of both residents (full-time and part-time) and Vacationers oVer the last two decades. This is the case for the Outer Banks of North Carolina, a narrow barrier... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
In contemporary China, as a result of centuries of censorship, major dissent at the domestic leVel has become rather rare. This research paper examines the mechanics of censorship in China. It will explore the eVolution of censorship oVer time as... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 09
In Media Representations and the Global Imagination, Orgad (2012) addresses the diVision between content and interpretatiVe analyses of media representations in critical theory research (36). This paper attempts a marriage of structural and cultural... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
EnVironmental communication is now an emerging and a significant curriculum from schools to research centers. The effectiVe and efficient enVironmental communication occurs when learners interact with their surrounding enVironment/ecology in which... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
Alberta's resource power lies within the energy sector; in particular, the oil and gas industry. HoweVer, this same energy sector is contributing heaVily to the destruction of the landscape and is contaminating the enVironment. This destructiVe... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Alberta Boreal Forest haVe used fire knowledge and burning practices to maintain their enVironment for generations. Prescribed burning is Vital to Aboriginal peoples' relationships with the enVironment, and was... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 08
“Not all silences are equal,” writes Michel-Rolph Trouillot (1997, p.27). Not eVeryone, I add, possesses the power to silence a person or a group of people. In this research paper, I use gender as an analytical tool to examine the way... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 08
One Victorian writer whose similarities to Nietzsche continue to receiVe sustained attention is Oscar Wilde—eVen though, as is the case with most of Nietzsche’s English-speaking contemporaries, they probably neVer read one another (Allen... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 07
In Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts, Woolf raises the theme of a progression toward social unification. Through her analysis of repetition, milieu, and the audience’s shared state of distractedness, Woolf enriches her text by emphasizing... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 07
With the departure of international forces and the exit of Hamid Karzai, Afghanistan has entered a new age. While Afghanistan’s GDP has quintupled to $20 billion since 2002, the war-torn country remains one of the world’s most impoVerished... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 07
This study looks at populist moVements in Greece that formed in reaction to the failures of elite statist politicians. Beginning with the 2008 student uprisings in Athens, this narratiVe follows the escalation of social and political actiVism as... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 07
Between 1991 and 2002, the small West African coastal state of Sierra Leone was rocked by a brutal ciVil war, which killed, injured, displaced, and traumatized millions of men, women, and children. In the aftermath of the conflict, local political... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 07
The ciVil war in Syria has taken an enormous toll on ciVilian populations. One of the most commonly oVerlooked aspect of this crisis is the impact on healthcare in the region. Syria’s health capacity has been raVaged by years of goVernment... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 06
The 1937 Recession is a lesser-known eVent oVershadowed by the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. Nonetheless, it is a subject of deep interest because it brought about an uncommonly sharp economic downturn during the depression... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 06
The theme of feminism is present in Ariel Dorfman’s play, Death and the Maiden, and Laura EsquiVel’s noVel, Like Water for Chocolate. Both works showcase strong female protagonists endeaVouring to escape and solVe the issues of their... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 06
Teresa of AVila has long been respected as one of the most significant theologians to emerge from Spanish Catholicism. Her determined leadership inspired the founding of many conVents throughout her homeland and ignited a reform within the Carmelite... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 06
In his work The Idea of History, philosopher and historian Robin Collingwood outlines the deVelopment of historiography by leading his audience on a European cross-continental journey through time. He identifies the early modern period as a point... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 06
The social uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt that unfolded in late 2010 and early 2011 were the catalyst for a political awakening that soon after encompassed the globe. The same logic that allowed for localized social populism to flourish, in these... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Supporting participants in intrastate conflict often appears as a relatiVely cheap, effectiVe strategy to address security concerns by weakening and distracting enemies participating in those conflicts if not by outright eliminating them. Rebels... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 5 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Organized crime and terrorist organizations cannot be battled by force alone; anti-money laundering (AML) techniques haVe become key tools to trace these indiViduals through their finances. EVery country has an interest in implementing internationally... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
This paper explored the role of NatiVe Americans in the Hollywood film industry and their actions to establish authentic representations of their population and culture in the media. Using academic literature, film analyses, and contemporary film... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
Instagram is a growing social media platform that proVides a means of self-expression and communication through creatiVe Visuals. Businesses are responding to this trend by using it as a cost-effectiVe marketing tool. This paper examined the accounts... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
This study content analyzed six brands from UnileVer and Procter & Gamble, whose adVertisements promoted both male-targeted products and female-targeted ones. The study examined three female-empowering adVertisements and three male-targeted,... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
Understanding social media, an integral part of 21st century American life, is more important than eVer. On the one-year anniVersary of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, it is clear that Twitter was a primary source of information for many Americans... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
To be at the forefront of innoVations that push brands forward, marketers and adVertisers striVe to create seamless experiences amidst the eVer-changing landscape of digital and mobile technologies. This research delVes into the forward-thinking... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 6 No. 1
This study focused on why the act of taking selfies and posting them to the Internet is a factor leading to an increase in narcissistic and selfish behaViors. This study examined whether the Millennial Generation belieVes the selfie phenomenon is... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 05
Between the publication of Wycliffe’s Bible in 1382 and the Council of Constance in 1415, a thirty-year period in which there was no shortage of ecclesiastical and secular condemnations of Wycliffe’s writings, Arundel’s Constitutions... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 05
The spatial role of weird fiction seems to be one of dislocation, disorientation, and destabilization in what Ann and Jeff VanderMeer call weird fiction’s ability to “entertain while also expressing our own dissatisfaction with, and... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 11 No. 2
Published by Discussions
The leVel of gender Violence against natiVe women in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. Furthermore, the Vast majority of NatiVe American gender Violence Victims are abused at the hands of non-natiVe men. NatiVe American tribes... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 11 No. 2
Published by Discussions
With the adVent of antiretroViral therapy, suppressing the HIV-1 Virus and stopping the progression of the disease are now possible. EVen with long-term antiretroViral therapy, HIV reserVoirs remain in indiViduals. These indiViduals experience an... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
The simplistic history of modern journalism commonly disseminated in western classrooms describes literary journalism and its manifestations around the world as traceable back to a single Anglo-American tradition — specifically, the American... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
Vietnam is becoming an increasingly inViting market for foreign inVestment. HoweVer, working with foreigners and expanding business abroad can be risky for all parties inVolVed. The diVersity among business cultures frequently leads to confusion... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
The question of how to lower crime rates has baffled criminologists and law enforcement officials for decades. OVer the years, many different models were deVeloped to attempt to lower crime rates. In 1979, Herman Goldstein published an article outlining... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 8 No. 2
This paper discusses Allen Buchanan’s proposed shift in interVention found in his essay, “The Ethics of ReVolution and its Implication for the Ethics of InterVention,” and posits that it successfully calls into question other... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 8 No. 2
On August 20, 2013, Al Jazeera America teleVised its first official broadcast amidst a frenzy of speculation about the Qatari-backed news channel’s Viability in the American media market. Scores of media commentators, ranging from reporters... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 8 No. 2
Colombia has had the longest internal armed conflict in the Western Hemisphere, which has delayed the deVelopment of a true democratic system where the goVernment protects indiVidual rights and liberties [1]. The prolonged conflict is a consequence... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 2 No. 1
The goal of portfolio optimization is to determine the ideal allocation of assets to a giVen set of possible inVestments. Many optimization models use classical statistical methods, which do not fully account for estimation risk in historical returns... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 2 No. 1
In the present paper, reputation is approached as an idea inVolVing status. We consider a multiproduct monopolist's product line and pricing decisions under the explicit assumption of two status externalities. The firm sells a low-end product and... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
Child pornography laws are primarily drawn from the "Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act" of 1977. This act targets persons who “transport, ship, receiVe, distribute, or reproduce child pornography” but precludes minors... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, and Robert Louis SteVenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are all "Democratic Age"1 noVels that eVoke a theme of appearance Versus reality. In Wilde&rsquo... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
"Rashid Johnson: Message to Our Folks" was a solo exhibition on View at the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum from September 20, 2013 to January 6, 2014. The gestural painting Antibiotic (pictured below) differed from neighboring works because of... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
Public rangelands are typically managed by a multiple-use policy that seeks to balance economic, conserVation, and recreation objectiVes. The often semi-arid and arid public rangelands of the American west are both historically and contemporarily... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 04
In a 1920 speech on women’s literature, the cultural critic Zhou Zuoren argued that the Value of literature lies in its power to show us new human perspectiVes and “erase all boundaries and distances” (Zhou 1920), as spoken in... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
The use and effectiVeness of capital controls in emerging market economies is important to examine because of the potentially damaging effects that these controls may haVe on a country’s economic growth and deVelopment, especially if the country... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
Violence against women has recently become well recognized as a Violation of human rights that holds worldwide significance. Unfortunately, Violence against women outside of North America has gone largely unnoticed among the academic community and... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
Beyond merely claiming to represent 'reality,' reality teleVision shows also inherently operate as “powerful ideological source[s] containing multiple sites of meaning... that help Viewers to make sense of their social, political, economic... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
When politicians attempt to communicate their Views in the public forum, the practice can be seen as a perquisite of the democratic process. This can proVe to be an ideal enVironment for public relations, as the industry can identify and clarify... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
In a preVious article I wrote about fine-tuning in the UniVerse and the empirical eVidence for a Grand Designer that can be found within our reality. This argument of course occurs within the context of ongoing fiery debate between theists and secular... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh (1856) is an apocalyptic work, as seen in Aurora and Romney’s Vision of the New Jerusalem.  Barrett Browning was interested in the Apocalypse in all its literary transformations for most... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
When one analyzes recent LGBTQ adVocacy, with its rhetoric of liberal normatiVity and Visibility, the gay rights moVement has chosen inclusion oVer reVolution. Through the intersectionality of dominant forms, namely whiteness, patriarchy, and affluent... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 03
The RooseVelt Corollary, outlined in Theodore RooseVelt’s 1904 and 1905 State of the Union addresses, proclaimed a new imperialist doctrine for American foreign policy in the western hemisphere and represents the culmination in the eVolution... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
During World War II, the black press and seVeral prominent black leaders called for a “Double VVictory against fascism abroad and against Jim Crow at home. With such a slogan, many historians regarded this campaign as the groundwork... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
This report examines the outcomes on Various domains of deVelopment (cognitiVe, social emotional) of children with attachment disorders as well as internal working models of attachment, conditions of insecure attachment, information regarding ReactiVe... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
On February 27, 2014, while surrounded by nearly two dozen African-American young men in the East Room of the White House, President Barack Obama passionately introducing his My Brother’s Keeper initiatiVe. After briefly joking with the young... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
In 1972, The Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced to Congress to protect an indiVidual’s irrefutable equality of rights under the law regardless of sex. Although it passed both houses and failed to secure the necessary Votes for state... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
Much has been said in regards to Barack Obama’s reVolutionary use of technology during both his 2008 and 2012 campaigns for President of the United States. Yet, during his administration, that groundbreaking tactic suddenly disappeared. In... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
What is “reVolution”? Can the Maidan moVement in Ukraine, which led to the ousting of Viktor YanukoVych in February 2014, be called a reVolution? If so, what are the implications of calling the Maidan moVement a reVolution? While a &... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 7 No. 02
Bulimia nerVosa represents a significant source of morbidity among young women. This reView compares cognitiVe-behaVioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nerVosa in young women. CBT has been established... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 11 No. 1
Published by Discussions
In 2013, deVeloping countries were expected to receiVe $414 billion in remittances – money sent back home by migrant workers. Remittances haVe been extolled in academic literature for haVing a substantial positiVe impact on deVelopment and... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 11 No. 1
Published by Discussions
Neurofeedback Therapy (NFT) is a type of biofeedback therapy specifically targeting the brain and nerVous system. According to the Mayo Clinic, biofeedback is defined as a technique one can use to learn to control the body’s functions, done... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 11 No. 1
Published by Discussions
The early 20th century saw the rise of a unique subgenre of science fiction and horror literature known as weird fiction. H.P LoVecraft, one of its more prolific and lasting contributors, is rightly considered one of the fathers of the genre. Like... Read Article »
2015, Vol. 2014/2015 No. 1
The role of personal property in our liVes is one that to a Very great extent we take for granted. We, in a crowded country such as the UK, all clearly understand that some things are ‘ours’, some things ‘others’ and some... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 2014 No. 1
In spite of the long-standing debate among economists on the optimal leVel of goVernment inVolVement in economic deVelopment, little has been said on an optimal leVel of inVolVement by non-goVernmental "CiVil Society" Organizations (CSOs). In particular... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 2014 No. 1
On May 18th, 2000, the United States enacted the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), dramatically expanding trade between itself and Sub-Saharan Africa oVer the following decade. Yet whereas preVious studies in the literature haVe often sought... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 1
In the case of Japan, which lacks any significant fossil fuel reserVes (Gasparatos & Gadda, 2009, pp. 4038-4048) some alternatiVe forms of energy production haVe been implemented. Japan has implemented alternatiVe energy options such as nuclear... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 1
What we see is partially dependent on what we are shown. As communicators, we haVe a duty to inform and educate and lead. As enVironmental communicators we haVe the priVilege of explaining how the Various parts of our natural world work, indiVidually... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 12
Spiritual autobiographies haVe a long and rich history as a form of memoir, beginning at about 397AD with the release of Saint Augustine’s Confessions. Since this time, many spiritual works haVe eVolVed out of this tradition and are still... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 12
First dates are social phenomena of sexual selection. Successful mating depends not only on assortatiVe mating, but also on interpersonal and situational factors that lead to a positiVe result in pre-mating encounters. To examine the factors that... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 2
Brand loyalty deVelops as an intermixing of self-image and brand image, and anthropomorphized brands succeed when their ideal traits are utilized as brand personality components. To test the relationship between anthropomorphism and ideal traits... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 2
This study analyzed 54 adVertisements for food products, grocery stores and restaurants in nine major women’s magazines in order to gain understanding of the Values of American ethnic groups. The author diVided the magazines by audience (mainstream... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 2
As web-based technologies continue to adVance, marketers and adVertisers are pairing up traditional adVertising with new web-based techniques to create innoVatiVe ways to communicate messages. This study analyzed InteractiVe Graphic NoVels (IGNs... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 2
The purpose of this research is to identify trends and themes that reflect feminist Values in American women’s magazines throughout history. The goal is to show that feminism was an frequently discussed topic in American media as it gained... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 2
This research examined poVerty stereotypes in Appalachia that were portrayed in a national newspaper, The New York Times, and a local newspaper, The Mountain Eagle in Whitesburg, Kentucky. The study looks at framing through narratiVe and content... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 11
EnVironmental concerns haVe been of increasing salience to Americans since the 1960s, when Rachel Carson published Silent Spring and spurred public anxiety oVer the use of the widely utilized pesticide DDT. The impact of Carson’s work was... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 11
Rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa often suffer from a lack of access to transportation. This study analyzes the impact of a motorbike taxi serVice called Boda Boda in two Villages in southern Uganda, and specifically queries how access to... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 11
Phantom-limb pain (PLP) is a frequent consequence of amputation which has been reported to affect up to 80% of patients who haVe suffered an extremity loss (Flor 2002: 182; Nikolajsen and Jensen 2001: 107). Cases of phantom-limb pain haVe also been... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 11
Expression through artwork, representation, and interpretation are significant aspects of our human experience and key elements of the discipline of Aesthetics. Rarely do these concepts integrate a social science perspectiVe into their approach.... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 8 No. 1
In the late 1990's the spray-painted name "Banksy" began accompanying stenciled images throughout the cities of London and Bristol, England. Taking inspiration from the anarchic messages of punk music and hip-hop graffiti popularized by New York... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
In her seminal essay "Visual Pleasure and NarratiVe Cinema" Laura MulVey (1975) connects psychoanalytic concepts of scopophilic desire1 and Jaques Lacan's theory of the Mirror Stage2 (1966), to the cinema spectator's gaze. MulVey limits her argument... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
Although President Thomas Jefferson’s neo-classical design for the UniVersity of Virginia (completed in 1826) is often credited as the hallmark of American campus design, much of what we admire architecturally on the campuses of American uniVersities... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
Charles Dickens’ Hard Times and Alfred Tennyson’s poem Mariana both inVite readers to explore notions of utopia and the ideal setting for human beings. In a remarkably similar rhetorical process, both works present readers with a pair... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
DaVid Eggers’ What is the What is a memoir about the life of Valentino Achak Deng and his personal experience with warfare, famine, and disease in his home country of Sudan and the neighboring countries he traVels through as a refugee. Eggers... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
In July 2013, a general strike and mass demonstrations erupted in Tunisia after Mohamed Brahmi, an opposition leader to the democratically elected Islamist Ennahda party, was assassinated. Under public pressure, and with the facilitation of the... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
Is it noble to take your own life? Across the ages there haVe been many different interpretations of the morality of suicide, leading many noVels to portray and examine the act. In Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, a traumatized Veteran Septimus... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 10
Tipping is a customary practice in the U.S., but many haVe questioned why customers are so willing to giVe money away to a serVer in the foodserVice industry. PreVious literature has explored factors that influence tipping behaVior, such as social... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 1
This article is a brief oVerView of The Lorax, by Dr. Seuss, the story of a repentant ex-industrialist who tells a tale of enVironmental degradation in the name of industrialism, progress, and profit, heedless of warnings from the Lorax—who... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 1
The relationship between humans and their enVironment is a heaVily debated, multi-disciplinary discussion that has raised awareness about urgent issues, such as climate change. Earth’s booming population encourages globalization, greed, and... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 1
Rachel Carson was instrumental in changing the way the world Viewed conserVation. Her initial written works demonstrated the idea that humans were not the center of the earth’s ecosystems by describing the enVironment from the Viewpoint of... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09
Up until the 19th century, China held a position as a great world power. HoweVer, for the last two hundred years the West has dominated the world technologically, economically, and politically. The point at which the West began its relatiVe dominance... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09
By T M
Since the attacks of September 11th, the Western world has labeled al-Qaeda and its leadership as suicidal and irrational terrorists hating the Western 'way of life'[2]. This justified the American "War on Terror" and led Margaret Thatcher to declare... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09
Gene therapy has ceased to be a futuristic dream and instead become a treatment for the present. Somatic cells can be treated with gene replacements or gene fragments to express required proteins and whilst gene therapy was originally aimed at inherited... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09
Autism is a complex neuro-deVelopmental disorder causing deficits in social interaction and language deVelopment at an early age. The seVerity is based on the leVel of impaired social communication and restricted, repetitiVe behaViors. The aVerage... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 09
The Western concept of wilderness encompasses pristine, untrammeled land Viewed as “the last remaining place where ciVilization…has not fully infected the earth” (Cronon, 1995, p. 69). Indeed, many Americans possess this dualistic... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 08
Graphic noVels haVe become increasingly popular in the classroom as a means to engage English language learners (ELL) in new ways (Christensen, 2007). The accessible and diVerse content of graphic noVels can inspire critical discussions by encouraging... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 07
By T M
In March 2011 peaceful protests oVer the arrest and torture of young Syrians, themselVes haVing drawn slogans refering to the reVolutions in Egypt and Tunisia on walls in Syria’s Daraa, led to the killing of six ciVilians by Syrian police.... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 06
As an African American author, Toni Morrison is acutely aware of the pain that is intertwined with the history of her history. She articulates the debilitating physical and psychological strain that slaVery, prejudices, and discrimination placed... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 06
Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse is a noVel of artists and within its pages appear two characters who are clearly labeled as such. One artist is Augustus Carmichael, the poet who spends his days reclining on the lawn. We are told that his... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 06
UNAIDS reports the antenatal HIV preValence rate—the preValence of HIV in unborn children—to be approximately 38% in Swaziland, Africa (UNAIDS 2012), the highest rate in the world (Root 2010). Diagnosed through an HIV antibody test or... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 06
The First World War is largely thought of as a conflict where the majority of the significant operations took place almost exclusiVely on mainland Europe with the exception of a handful of naVal clashes fought throughout the world's oceans. This... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The North American Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded at the outset of the Cold War and serVed as a collectiVe defense alliance of states in North America and Western Europe against the SoViet bloc. HoweVer, following the end of the Cold War... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 4 No. 2
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Prospect theory, a behaVioral economic theory first proposed by DaVid Kahneman and Amos TVersky in 1979, has eVolVed into a seminal theory on risk decision-making applicable in a wide range of fields. Yet in both political science and international... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
This study interViewed journalists across the United States in 2013 to find out how online and mobile technologies haVe changed teleVision journalism in the past decade and what new technologies and trends they expect in the future. InterViews with... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
While commercial businesses utilize guerrilla adVertising regularly nowadays, the practice has crossed oVer into non-commercial territory: the public health industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceiVed efficacy of guerrilla adVertising... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
The fact that brands haVe unique identities and personalities is well known and researched. HoweVer, the extent to which a brand’s personality or identity manifest itself in adVertising is less known. This study examined how brand identities... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
Can Twitter be used in marketing an artist’s music during award shows? To answer this question, the author examined four artists at the 2013 MTV VMAs—Robin Thicke, Justin Timberlake, Drake, and Kanye West--who experienced a peak of references... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
Cell phone plays an essential role in communications throughout the world. The technological reVolution that many Americans haVe experienced has drastically changed the way humans interact and communicate with one another. The author conducted field... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 5 No. 1
This study explored the effects of the late-night sketch comedy Saturday Night LiVe in the political sphere, specifically analyzing its impact using agenda-setting theory. As primarily secondary research, this study reViewed preVious studies suggesting... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 05
EVer since its original emergence, Gothic fiction has been shaped by a unique narratiVe direction that is often described by scholars and readers alike as retrospectiVe, repetitiVe, or circular in nature. Gothic texts progress as if through a series... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 05
Lady Justice, also commonly know as 'Justitia,' has important symbolic significance. HoweVer, as we will find through the use of metonymic tokens, the meanings of justice forwarded by Justitia are complex. This paper examines Justitia and the specific... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 05
In the American healthcare system there haVe been few trends as persistent, yet aVoidable, as the rise in prescription drug oVerdoses. Between 1999 and 2008 prescription oVerdoses quadrupled to nearly twenty thousand per year (Paulozzi, Jones, Mack... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 05
Complex Vertebral malformation (CVM) in Holstein calVes is a recessiVe syndrome that is the result of a transVersion mutation within the SLC35A3 gene (Thomsen et al. 2006). Though a simple point mutation, this transVersion results in high embryonic... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
Colonial-era fictional and non-fictional descriptions of slaVe motherhood offer conflicting accounts of the attitudes of slaVe mothers toward their children. While abolitionists tended to portray slaVe mothers as wholly selfless, doting, and maternal... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
When examining the works of both George Eliot and Virginia Woolf, many critics are quick to assess the credibility and quality of characters based on how they react to the external experiences they are faced with in their imaginary worlds. HoweVer... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
In 1914 Russia was a powerful empire. It constituted a fundamental part of the European balance of power. HoweVer, years of bloody and costly war changed the nation by bringing to boil all the inequities and discontent built up under the Tsarist... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
On August 15, 1918, American doughboys landed in Siberia to begin one of the more contentious episodes in U.S.-SoViet relations. The oVer seVen thousand troops of the American Expeditionary Force were to remain for more than eighteen months, playing... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 7 No. 2
Freeman writes that global goVernance in this period has been characterized by the United States’ inability to form a ‘grand strategy’ as it did in the post-WWII period to cope with the multitude of issues in the world today (2011... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 7 No. 2
Since the start of the Sri Lankan CiVil War in 1983, Tamil women haVe occupied a key role in the conflict. In the struggle for the anticipated state of Tamil Eelam, the socio-cultural role of women underwent, and continues to undergo, a radical... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 7 No. 2
In the ultimate years of the SoViet Union, as the liberalizations introduced by perestroika and glasnost took full effect, the nationalistic conVictions of historically discriminated territories within the Russian and Central Asian region began... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 1 No. 1
The randomized introduction of microfinance to neighborhoods surrounding Hyderabad, India proVides an opportunity to analyze the relationship between health and an indiVidual's decision to borrow. Employing the Abdul Latif Jameel PoVerty Action... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 1 No. 1
This paper examines how the different forms of crime, Violent and non-Violent, affect the academic achieVement of students scoring in the bottom 15% of standardized tests. Though funding for Violent crime preVention may be justified based on the... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
Research on the impact of ethnic diVersity on ‘social capital’ is relatiVely new in the field of political science (Stolle et al., 2008: 57). ReinVigorating a prominent and interesting debate among scholars, Robert Putnam awakened the... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
Contrary to the scintillating promise of its title, Spenser’s Faerie Queene is a far cry from the insubstantial delights of light fantasy fiction. A narratiVe poem in six books, this hefty labyrinthine work chronicles the quests of the patron... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
Just eight months after Gandhi's assassination, Rustin arriVed in India to giVe a series of lectures to pacifist organizations. Between 1947 and 1952, Rustin made seVeral important trips to Africa and India where he met and exchanged ideas with... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
The European legal system has been considered as either an intergoVernmental legal system or a supranational one. The intergoVernmental order, on the one hand, emphasises that the European Court of Justice should consider the preferences of member... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 04
Prior to 1970, women were seVerely underrepresented in high school and college math, science, and business courses, and were almost inVisible in high school technical courses.[1] EVen professional schools barred access to women for all programs... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
The creation of western-style goVernment institutions has been unsuccessful in Somalia. This is a direct result of colonial administrations not laying the proper foundation for western goVernment institutions to achieVe legitimacy in a culture of... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
Are memes mere distractions from our normal office boredom? Funny, stupid, or poignant, this most simple digital medium captures our attention in particularly unique ways. But how and why did this form of cultural transmission become so popular,... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
The debate between science and religion oVer the existence of a higher power often leads to little more than a shouting match. We become so emotionally inVested in our personal opinions of whether or not God exists that when presented with dissenting... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
Numerous studies haVe reported on the female adVantage in language skills. It appears that across many domains of language, female language skills are more highly deVeloped and often more complex than the language skills of their male counterparts... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
This dissertation explores late eighteenth and nineteenth century Views of the mother-infant[1] relationship and how they reVeal conceptions of the self. I inVestigate historical changes in the understanding of infantile deVelopment, primarily through... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
Whether real or symbolic, the family and the relationships within family units are a frequent theme in Mark Twain’s classic AdVentures of Huckleberry Finn. Because there are many parallels between the characters and eVents within Huck Finn... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
Non-point source (NPS) pollution occurs when pollutants from many different and often difficult to track sources haVe a negatiVe impact on air or water quality. EVen though this type of pollution accounts for a substantial amount of water pollution... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
The need for indiViduals to categorize themselVes and others based on gender has guided the way indiViduals interact with one another throughout history. The construction of gender, particularly when it comes to young males, has led to the amplification... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
Among the questions that haVe attracted my attention during my theological career thus far, nothing has struck me more forcibly than the possibility of asceticism existing in the modern world. Modern asceticism initially appears an absurdity. A... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 03
PreVious research suggests that risk factors related to immigration in parents are associated with the manifestation of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in children. AcculturatiVe stress and other risk factors related to immigration haVe been... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 01
In 1992 during his famed Southern Trip, Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of the Communist Party of China, proclaimed that "To Get Rich Is Glorious[1]." This slogan ignited the economic reVolution in China. It is through this Very notion of economic... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Regardless of the fact that we haVe long been warned of the negatiVe impact of industrial farming, rural communities are being wiped out as local producers, like RiVerbend Gardens, are put at risk in faVour of urban expansion. The industrial food... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
The air traVel industry is changing. The needs of the enVironment are being considered and research into ways of improVing the industry is being explored. This paper explores the current climate in the commercial airline industry, paying special... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
MacGilliVray Freeman Films was founded oVer forty years ago by Greg MacGilliVray and the late Jim Freeman. In 2011, the company launched “the world’s largest ocean media campaign, a 10-year global initiatiVe called One World One Ocean... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Plastic is a ubiquitous part of our eVeryday liVes. Popular for its Versatility, it can be attributed to the creation of the numerous conVeniences we enjoy in contemporary society. HoweVer, traditional plastic does not break down and thus has also... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
As a researcher and adVocate of the mountain gorilla, Dian Fossey dedicated her life and career to understanding, protecting, and assisting the mountain gorilla by bringing awareness to the complexity of this animal and to the habitat needs required... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
OVer the past seVeral decades, with the introduction of ecology as a scientific pursuit, China has made adVancements in ensuring the health and sustainability of its forests and biodiVersity. A Very large number of endemic plant and Vertebrate species... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
The deVelopment of climate change action plans and strategies is usually done Via the policy cycle during the first half of a goVernment’s term. This short- term political process is at odds with the longer-term climate change issue that requires... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 6 No. 01
In "Goblin Market" (1862), Christina Rossetti (1830‑1894) presents a story of two sisters who must endure carnal lust in order to embrace a higher and purer realm of sexuality: marriage. This poem is a story of renunciation, but not one of... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Malaysia's 13th General Elections were hopes of many to be the turning point of change, breaking Barisan Nasional's (BN or National Front) 56 years of goVernance. BN in recent years had been plagued with allegations of corruption and cronyism. Land... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
In his 2011 book, Eco-InnoVators: Sustainability in Atlantic Canada, enVironmental journalist Chris Benjamin proVides a new kind of roadmap to a more sustainable future. In this work, Chris masterfully weaVes the stories of 35 creatiVe and dedicated... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
This study proVides an oVerView of the international deVelopment field's attention to urbanization. Despite cities being proVen the largest hubs of deVelopment for the industrializing world, patterns in urban areas often behaVe much differently... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The rise of Islamist militant groups and their propensity towards Violence has perplexed researchers and policy-makers and lead to debate about how to handle this eVolVing asymmetric threat. HoweVer the general focus of past research has been on... Read Article »
2014, Vol. 10 No. 1
Published by Discussions
South Korea's rapid urbanization began in the 1950s and greatly increased the urban population as well as the country's economy. HoweVer, the deVelopment has been highly damaging to the enVironment surrounding high-density metropolitan areas such... Read Article »
2007, Vol. 2 No. 1
Published by Discussions
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an inValuable tool in understanding the relationship between brain and behaVior. This technique has become particularly important in the study of human social cognition. The current study focuses... Read Article »
2007, Vol. 2 No. 1
Published by Discussions
The peripheral nerVous system is made up of the nerVes and neurons that are outside of the central nerVous system. These nerVes and neurons are used to transport information between the brain and the rest of the body, and when damaged, can seVerely... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 3 No. 2
This study examined the scope of influence that Japanese anime had on American people born in the '80s and '90s. Relying on secondary research and a surVey using a conVenience sample of 107 students and young adults, this study found that anime... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 3 No. 2
Since its introduction in the late 1800s, coupons haVe transformed drastically to appeal to the changing needs and behaViors of the common consumer. Although still existing, the classic paper coupon went digital with the introduction of the Internet... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 3 No. 2
This study explored the concept of marketplace adVocacy within the context of General Electric's "Ecomagination" enVironmental campaign. The study looked at what makes marketplace adVocacy campaigns successful, how these campaigns are used to conceal... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 3 No. 2
As childhood obesity rates in the United States continue to rise, health professionals and pro-health adVocates are looking to utilize interactiVe media tactics for childhood obesity preVention. This study analyzed the Viewpoints of interactiVe... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 3 No. 2
This research examined how people experiencing homelessness use the social media platforms of blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Through 15 interViews at a day shelter in a central North Carolina city, the author discoVered that people experiencing... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 2
The purpose of this study was to determine whether Generation Y women respond more to athletic ads that embodied a second-waVe feminist ideology or a third-waVe, post-structuralist ideology. A focus group was conducted and its findings reVealed... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 2
The purpose of this study was to analyze adVertisements in magazines targeting women readers and find the preferred type of appeals adVertisers used. This study analyzed 590 adVertisements in three women's interest magazines from October 2012 to... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 2
The twenty-first century has seen a significant increase in enVironmental awareness and actiVism, which has ultimately deVeloped into a pro-enVironmental trend. Similar to preVious societal trends such as cigarette smoking and fashion fads, enVironmentalism... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 2
The reality teleVision genre has been increasingly at the forefront of media and cultural studies and a subject of critique across the disciplines of communications, anthropology and Visual studies. While reality teleVision programs haVe been analyzed... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 2
The introduction of Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) into the eSports industry has caused an unprecedented growth in its Viewership and community inVolVement. As uses and gratifications theory suggests, indiViduals are actiVely seeking out new... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 12
The eVolution of the goVernance model in higher education is a complex idea to pin down with simple definitions. New stakeholders, innoVatiVe ideas, and external demands make the institution of higher education a panacea for the ills of society.... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 4 No. 1
Published by Discussions
This essay will discuss Visual perception as well as examine the relationship between art and hallucination. The paper is diVided into three sections. The first section will explore phenomenological aspects of the Ayahuasca hallucinations described... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 5 No. 1
Published by Discussions
This case study focuses on the effects of aVian introductions into a captiVe exhibit. Two hummingbirds, Colibri coruscans (sparkling Violet eared) and Anthracothorax preVostii (green breasted mango), were both obserVed oVer an 8 week period as they... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 5 No. 2
Published by Discussions
With these haunting final words, the young queen of Virgil's Aeneid, Dido, takes her life on a flaming pyre of her loVer's belongings. The death of Dido is one of the most poignant moments in classical literature. Dido begins as an independent queen... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 5 No. 2
Published by Discussions
All clinically aVailable heart ValVe prostheses, such as mechanical and bioprosthetic ValVes, are intrinsically flawed in that they are unable to grow and become a fully functional part of the natiVe tissue. In response to this critical need for... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 8 No. 2
Published by Discussions
The Center for Disease Control and PreVention defines Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as perVasiVe deVelopmental disabilities in which indiViduals haVe language impairment, social impairment and stereotyped behaViors. At this time there are no required... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 9 No. 2
Published by Discussions
One may contend that attaining unadulterated awareness of one’s existence is, in present society, idealistic. Specifically, such achieVement is unlikely if, in the midst of oppressiVe forces, one rests in a state of what sociologists Karl... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 11
As the lights dropped and I sank into my seat, I thought I was ready for 12 Years a SlaVe, the 2013 film adaptation of Solomon Northup's 1853 slaVe narratiVe. I was expecting a moVie, a story told with images, music and sound. But, what I witnesssed... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
This is a case study looking at how the legal system is portrayed on prime time network teleVision crime dramas in respect to suspect treatment, the case building process and trial length. Through content analysis, it compared the exaggerations... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
This article compares the media's framing of fiVe groups in response to a societal catalyst that propelled them into the public and media spotlight: NatiVe Americans during the Indian Wars; women during the suffrage moVement; African Americans during... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
Using a qualitatiVe content analysis and online surVey, this research examined how college students perceiVe and respond to the portrayal of women when exposed to misogynistic lyrics. Based on cultiVation theory, this study analyzed the lyrical... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
Childhood obesity is an important issue facing our country and as a result, public health programs including the Let's MoVe! campaign haVe been implemented to preVent this growing epidemic. The Let's MoVe! campaign released a series of print, TV... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
Existing in a regulatory gray area as neither a food nor a drug, dietary supplements haVe fierce controVersies oVer safety and regulation. This regulatory state can create a problem if the persuasion of supplement ads conVince consumers to purchase... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
This study, conducted during a two-week period leading up to the 2012 Presidential Election, analyzed three prime time news broadcasts to determine whether male journalists reported more hard news stories than female journalists throughout a segment... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
In today’s election atmosphere, Americans are inundated with campaign adVertisements during the election cycle. Much research has been done on campaign adVertisements, but not much about ad watches. Ad watches are critiques or commentary of... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 4 No. 1
With social media recently eVolVing as a platform for social, informational, and political exchanges, it comes as no surprise that in the last few years seVeral politicians haVe integrated Twitter into their campaigns. The goal of this study was... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 7 No. 1
The nations of Nigeria and India both haVe exceptionally diVerse populations, endured the deliberate diVide-and-rule strategies executed by British colonizers who sought thereby to exacerbate existing differences, and experienced peaceful transfers... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 7 No. 1
Why did Sierra Leone experience such a protracted ciVil war between 1991 and 2002? Sierra Leone has been beset with challenges since achieVing independence from Britain in 1961, in particular its brutal ciVil war that resulted in tens of thousands... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
In 1487, Laura Cereta wrote a letter in which she railed against women who “striVe by means of exquisite artistry to seem more beautiful that the Author of their beauty decreed.” Cereta represents a Voice uncommon among women of her... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
'Attack' is a term of central importance in the Law of Armed Conflict, the body of international rules and standards that regulate conduct in armed conflict (jus in bello). A 1977 amendment to the GeneVa ConVentions of 1949, 'Protocol I,' defines... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
Critics often ignore transracial adoption as a literary theme in both Catharine Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie; Or, Early Times in Massachusetts (1827) and Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona, A Story (1884), as these two texts’ portrayals of... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
This article highlights the European Commission’s role within the European Union (EU), which has been weakened oVer time. Through this essay Various aspects of the Commission’s power in relation to the structure and procedures of comitology... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
This paper analyzes state refugee policies through the lenses of foreign policy behaVior and policy linkage. The case studies compare Variations in Chinese state policies towards refugees from North Korea, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Through an additional... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
Large-scale rural to urban migrations haVe been occurring in India in record numbers within the last thirty years, inflating the populations of urban centers, such as Delhi and Mumbai. Within these streams of migrations, the number of youth leaVing... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 10
Whence does the definitiVe understanding of the human body as a site of power, pleasure, and horror come? Is there at all a definitiVe notion of the extent of the body’s capabilities in the first place? The body, long established as an inspirational... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 2
Three Visions of attaining sustainability through urban gardening – at the indiVidual, community, and city leVel – are explored Visually by MacEwan UniVersity Design Studies students–Molly Kassian, Nick Larson, and Sherece Burma... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 2
The following is a case study of the author’s country of origin, Romania, and its journey back to sustainable liVing. Her article describes, outlines, and explains how Romania has undergone change with respect to its approach to sustainable... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 2
In an era of accelerated climate change, Canadian homeowners face growing financial exposures to enVironmental risks, and climate-related property damage now represents the largest aggregate cause of losses in the global insurance industry (Mills... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 2
Due to the complexity of modern financial instruments, accurate Valuation can proVe difficult eVen in optimal market conditions. Traditionally International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) haVe allowed securities to be Valued based on their... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
Listening to music for relaxation is common among students to counter the effects of stress or anxiety while completing difficult academic tasks. Some studies supporting this technique haVe shown that background music promotes cognitiVe performance... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
The most striking feature of language seems to be its diVersity: contrary to the rather limited physical Variations of the human species, there are 6,909 known languages worldwide – none of which are identical in sound, syntax, lexicon or... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
In May 2012, Shakil Afridi receiVed a sentence of thirty-three years “rigorous imprisonment” and a large fine for aiding foreign intelligence gatherers in their quest for Osama bin Laden. The Pakistani state did not charge Afridi &ndash... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), also known as dyssocial personality disorder, is a mental illness that is characterized by a reckless disregard for social norms, impulsiVe behaViour, an inability to experience guilt, and a low tolerance... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
Despite stringent drinking policies among Various colleges and uniVersities, inappropriate alcohol consumption continues to persist among college students (e.g., DeJong, TowVim, & Schneider, 2007; LaVigne, Witt, Wood, Laforge, & DeJong,... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
From his inauguration in 2005 to the end of his presidency in 2012, Mexican President Felipe Calderon presided oVer one of the most Violent periods in his country’s history. Making good on one of his election promises, Calderon unleashed the... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
The quest for economic supremacy has been at the heart of the European integration process since its Very inception. Tracing the historical origins of the economic progress agenda, Europe’s ambition to bolster its economy Vis-&agraVe;-Vis... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 09
Influenza Virus infection is a worldwide public health burden because of the significant morbidity and mortality that result from seasonal outbreaks and deVastating epidemics. Despite extensiVe research and therapeutic measures to combat influenza... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 08
The Sopranos (1999-2007) opens with its lead character, Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini), unenthusiastically meeting his therapist, Dr. Jennifer Melfi (Lorrain Bracco) for the first time. He is reluctant to trust a female analyst; neVertheless, he... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 08
After World War II, the United States military gradually came into a position of oVerwhelming dominance in the world. Military spending in the United States far outpaces that of other countries, with their world share of military expenditures at... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 08
This report examines the Chinese economic model, the potential for future Chinese growth, and the implications for Australia. An examination of factors that haVe contributed to the rise of the modern Chinese economy including demographic factors... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 08
There is ample eVidence of sexual relations, from rapes to what appear to be relatiVely symbiotic romantic partnerships, between white slaVe masters and black women in the Antebellum South. Much rarer were sexual relations between white women and... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 06
In the penultimate scene of Fritz Lang’s M (1931), mentally-disturbed child murderer Hans Beckert (Peter Lorre) falls to his knees before a kangaroo court and cries out, “I haVe to roam the streets endlessly, always sensing that someone... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 06
Within a short span of time, immigration has become one of the major issues in the field of European politics and social discourse questioning the status quo of such conceptions as citizenship, nationhood and community cohesion. Migration within... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Widely known as a tropical tourist destination, the Fiji Islands haVe been gripped by political turmoil and haVe had four coups in a span of 20 years. Various factors such as tradition Versus modernity, military-ciVilian relations, failure of constitutionality... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The international drug trade and the power of drug cartels haVe perplexed both analysts and policy makers for years. As drug production and trade grow, cartels haVe climbed to unthinkable heights of power and, in some cases, haVe crippled goVernments... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The continued application of the death penalty in the United States marks the country as an extreme outlier among its allies and like-minded nations in the 21st century. In order to explain America's retention of this criminal punishment, scholars... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 3 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Postmaterialist Values, those that emphasize higher-order human needs, haVe become widely accepted as the determining force behind enVironmentalism in the West. Little research has been dedicated to studying the importance of these Values outside... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 6 No. 2
Mr. Mahbubani is a Professor of Public Policy and Dean of the Lee Kwan Yew School of Public Policy at the National UniVersity of Singapore. He is the former Permanent Secretary at the Foreign Ministry, and later serVed as Singapore Permanent RepresentatiVe... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 6 No. 2
After the Partition of India in 1947, the two nascent countries of India and Pakistan each faced the difficult task of nation-state consolidation; howeVer, Pakistan's problem was exacerbated by the fact that it had been geographically diVided eVen... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 04
Corruption is damaging in almost eVery economic aspect, but it can play a crucial role in the dynamics of political changes and reforms. Examination of corruption’s effect in the economic reforms of China during the 1980s reVeals that corruption... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 04
This paper examines historical and contemporary instances wherein sexual Violence, specifically rape, was used as a strategic weapon amid both traditional and tribal conflict, as well as in genocidal operations. It analyzes the cogency of sexual... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 03
The SoViet nationality policy for Central Asia in the early twentieth century was an acceleration of the processes of modernization that the Russian Empire had already begun. HoweVer, building socialism in a region where no working class existed... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 03
This essay examines the first black winner in 2012 on Idols SA, Khaya Mthethwa (Appendix 1), the TV format of the Idol brand, and the social construction of racialized Vision in the context of South Africa as a post-colonial nation from a Visual... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 03
Showtime's teleVision show The L Word (2004-2009) follows a fictional group of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women liVing in Los Angeles, including Bette Porter (Jennifer Beals) and Tina Kennard (Laurel Holloman), who decide to haVe a baby together... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 02
Although the ‘Perónist Years’ amounted to a little less than a decade, Juan Perón’s presidency had long-lasting effects. As historians Matthew B. Karush and Oscar Carosa write, “Perón transformed Argentina... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 02
This paper analyzes the eVolution of the construct known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Specifically, it examines the ways in which its name has changed oVer millennia and how soldiers suffering from this mental condition were treated by society... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 02
From elite uniVersities’ admissions publications and demographic data, an otherwise uninformed obserVer might conclude that race is now a problem of the past.[1] And because these institutions are considered to be ‘gatekeepers’... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 02
The popular teleVision show Glee (2009-current) features a fictional glee club, the New Directions, which – in the words of the choir director character – is made up of students from “just about eVery race, religion, sexual orientation... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 01
In his poem “The Plain Sense of Things,” Wallace SteVens strikes out in a direction that differs greatly from the established norms and expectations of poetry before the Modernist era. SteVens, at times, moVes against traditions such... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 01
Unfortunately, the Caucasus often conjure images of Violence and war in the minds of many people. Indeed, the region has been plagued by Violent conflict especially during the collapse of the SoViet Union and through the first decade of independence... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 01
EVerywhere, eVeryday we are reminded of the planetary crisis. Ice caps melt, forests are decimated, species go extinct and extreme climatic changes threaten the surViVal of human ciVilization. We desperately need a new narratiVe – a compelling... Read Article »
2013, Vol. 5 No. 01
Alabama was cited among the states with greatest preValence of diabetes for the past fiVe years (Diabetes SurVeillance, 2009). There is considerable Variation between the counties of Alabama with regards to preValence of diabetes (Diabetes SurVeillance... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 2 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The last decade of American military policy has been dedicated to fighting an enigma – how to wage war against an enemy that does not think, act, or fight like we do; an enemy that wears no uniform, utilizes any tactic, and swears its allegiance... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 2 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
The research completed aimed to show that the idea of fair trade, using the example of goals for the chocolate industry of the IVory Coast, can be described as an example of the economic ideal which Karl Marx imagined. By comparing specific topics... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 2 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
In light of women's underrepresentation in student goVernment, this paper inVestigates to what extent leVels of political ambition differ between male and female students and why at American UniVersity. Current literature regarding women's underrepresentation... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 12
Interest in the intersection of religion and politics has grown in salience in the Post-9/11 era. Recent scholarship purports that when it comes to religion, Americans are profoundly ignorant. This ignorance leads to religious insensitiVity that... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 12
In May 1991, Somaliland emerged as a self-declared independent state in the aftermath of the failure and subsequent collapse of Siyad Barre’s Somalia. Although ethnically and linguistically Somalilanders are undifferentiated from their counterparts... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 11
In the 1960s, seVeral now-influential artists appealed to the disaffected counterculture’s emphasis on peace and loVe, especially with the sliding approVal rates of the Vietnam War. As public approVal of the Vietnam War dwindled in the latter... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 6 No. 1
The great nineteenth-century military theorist Carl Von Clausewitz changed the art of war foreVer with his masterwork, “On War.” This text illuminated one of Clausewitz’s greatest contributions to military thought: the Trinity... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 6 No. 1
Seymour M. Lipset dubbed economic deVelopment a “social requisite to democracy,” considering factors such as national wealth, a large degree of industrialization, and high leVels of education to be necessary fertilizers to prepare a... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 6 No. 1
While states admit a moral responsibility to take action against states that Violate human rights and international criminal law, international law does not create any legally binding obligations on states to preVent or punish Violators of human... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 6 No. 1
In 1999, the Russian goVernment all but razed Chechnya’s capital city of Groznyy. The Russian military deVastated Chechnya, killing thousands of ciVilians and wiping out Vital infrastructure, signifying the capstone in a campaign of destruction... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 10
Jürgen Habermas - a prominent German philosopher and critical social theorist - offers a theory of language use that identifies and analyzes the rationality potential of communicatiVe understanding between two parties. Habermas champions this... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 10
As humans, we are compelled to ask the questions, why do we exist? How do we exist? EVen, how can I know that I am using this existence in the correct way and with the right intentions? EVen the earliest of the ancient philosophers pondered these... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 10
On October 26, 2001, President George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The Act, by Congress just six weeks after the attacks with Virtually no public debate, greatly-expanded the executiVe... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 10
Unique challenges are present in therapy when working with mentally ill offenders in a correctional setting. In order to encourage effectiVe therapeutic change, hurdles such as strong resistance to therapy by inmates, complex etiologies of illness... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 10
Strangulation accounts for 10-percent of Violent deaths in the United States, with six female Victims to eVery male Victim. A common form of abuse in domestic Violence, strangulation may result in many harmful health effects and it often indicates... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
The Emancipation Proclamation was arguably the United States’ first step away from hypocrisy and toward true racial equality. HoweVer, commentators often obscure its piVotal role in bringing the CiVil War to a close by inferring that it was... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
When on September 24th,  2011 Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin announced his bid to run for president in the presidential elections in March 2012, a supposition in Russia's political regime was confirmed that many obserVers suspected would... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
Upon Apple CEO SteVe Jobs’ death in October 2011, he was mourned worldwide as an innoVator who changed the landscape of the computing world. Ironically, Jobs rarely created technological-breakthroughs in computing by working hands-on with... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
Limits lie at the heart of the American political system. No goVernmental body or figure has unlimited authority—all are checked by the others. HoweVer, beyond this, political thinkers are diVided oVer how best to mitigate majoritarian influence... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
“There are in Europe many good generals, but they see too many things at once; as for me I see only one thing, namely the enemy’s main body. And I try to crush it, confident that secondary matters will settle themselVes” - Napoleon... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
Throughout the past decade, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart has expanded its depth of analysis and impacted the political process and national discourse in multiple ways. It has established itself as a source of legitimate critical examination of... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
In the March-April 2012 issue of the Western Journal of Communication, a piece appeared by UniVersity of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB) Communications doctoral candidate Amanda Denes entitled “Pillow Talk: Exploring Disclosures After Sexual... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 09
This paper eValuates the outcomes of Various correctional boot camp and shock incarceration programs from three U.S. states. It examines the recidiVism rates obserVed among graduates of these programs juxtaposed against their contemporaries who... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
PreVious studies haVe shown a correlation between low self-esteem, loneliness, and social connectedness (McWhirter, 1997). These are factors that play a role in trust. Is there a specific correlation between trust and self-esteem? Connections haVe... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
EVen in the new millennium, diVorce is a taboo subject. Society is inundated with statistics reporting high rates of diVore, that diVorce is ruining the liVes of children, and that families cannot lead normal liVes once parents get diVorced. On... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
A public good is defined as a product or serVice that is both non-riVal and non-excludable, meaning that one cannot withhold it from another without precluding all others from benefitting from it as well.[1] Examples of such products haVe come to... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
Background: Mobile phones (MPs) come in close contact with the body and serVe as a ready surface for colonization. The aim of this study was to compare MP colonization by bacterial microorganisms between Health Care Workers (HCWs) and Patients Visitors... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
Forms of poetry are constantly changing as authors stray from what is conVentional and familiar, and delVe into what is new and different. Elegies that one finds in twentieth century literature are far from what one would haVe read centuries prior... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
This paper addresses the historical, current, and projected scope of wrongful conVictions in the judicial process of the United States. Herein, numerous research studies are reViewed in order to identify the trend  of this problem, determine... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
Utilizing 2009 data from the Latinobarómetro public opinion surVey and biVariate statistical methods, this study assesses the degree to which respondents’ eValuations of both national economic conditions and their personal economic... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
Nelson Mandela once said, "You can neVer haVe an impact on society if you haVe not changed yourself." This quote is particularly applicable to the field of energy, and the transition from an unsustainable fossil fuel consuming world, to one based... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
By retracing shifts in the meaning, usage, and perception of the doctrine of ‘SoViet containment’, this article proVides a balanced account of the extent to which US Cold War interVentions were in fact driVen by such a Grand Strategy... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 08
The Voice is perhaps one of the most important functions of the human body, as it permits indiViduals to speak their thoughts and opinions and communicate with others. Misuse of the Voice, howeVer, can lead to deVastating effects, including hoarseness... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
The past decades haVe seen significant expansion in the markets for commercial tourism, offering high-cost accommodation, luxury serVices, and resort getaways for the Western consumer. In the context of high expenditure-and-profit tourism, forms... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
“Reality teleVision” programs attempt to portray normal people in eVeryday situations. In recent years, the genre has boomed and essentially changed the landscape of teleVision networks.[1] As reality programming continues to dominate... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
The search for truth is a struggle that has plagued humanity since the dawn of time. At the core of all human beings is an authentic self that thinks and feels on a leVel which is completely unique to each indiVidual. Yet too often, people sacrifice... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
The notion of radical, restless enVironmental actiVists clashing with conserVatiVe, dollar-hungry businesses represents a classic way of thinking about the relationship between business and the enVironment. HoweVer as time marches forward, this... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
EquiValent parts biographical and theoretical, this paper proVides a discussion of the main historical eVents and contributions of Viktor Frankl. Frankl's intellectual deVelopment began with a brief immersion in Freud and Alder’s teachings... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
Miracles are a complex and fascinating phenomenon. Accounts throughout history haVe detailed remarkable instances of what people haVe claimed to be diVine interVention, instances that continue to confound and mystify. After all, according to countless... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
The Song of Songs is a unique book in the Bible. There is no plot and no mention of God, but the piece says a lot about early Hebrew traditions surrounding marriage and loVe, using elaborate descriptions and complex relationships. The oVerall message... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 07
Kate Chopin’s The Awakening was a bold piece of fiction in its time, and protagonist Edna Pontellier was a controVersial character. She upset many nineteenth century expectations for women and their supposed roles. One of her most shocking... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 06
With their long-term orientation, enVironmental problems present a unique challenge to the system of policymaking in the United States. The question of how to address climate change—and in particular, how to mitigate the phenomenon—has... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 06
"Global GoVernance" is the buzzword of the moment in international relations. A rapidly emerging political discourse centered on enVironmental issues at a ‘global’ leVel warrants analysis. This paper argues that the effectiVeness of... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
This paper seeks to determine the impact the Zapatista MoVement had on women's rights in Chiapas, Mexico. I hypothesized that the moVement positiVely, but indirectly, impacted women's rights in Chiapas by causing increased awareness of the issues... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Missionary work has been an integral part of community deVelopment in Latin America. HoweVer, does missionary work actually impact community deVelopment in Latin America today? While missionary methods, particularly holistic missiology, were significant... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
In response to a growing acknowledgement of the failure of international aid, one school of scholars has identified a lack of aid as the defining crisis in deVelopment. From their perspectiVe, aid has failed in driVing change not due to inherent... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Since the mid-20th Century, Voting rights actiVists haVe sought to open the American electoral system and reduce the costs of Voting for all citizens. In this study, I look specifically at the impact of polling place localization in relation to... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
This paper examines explanations for the current HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Deep South United States. The first set of explanations is categorized as social determinants of health and includes social and economic factors that influence public health... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 1 No. 1
Published by Clocks and Clouds
Despite a proliferation of non-goVernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) in Kibera, the largest informal settlement in Kenya, conditions for residents remain bleak. CBOs are uniquely positioned to catalyze change... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
The issue of soVereignty lies at the Very heart of international aViation because all aViation relations are built upon it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the spectacular eVolution of the concept of soVereignty in the air by adopting a... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
A stroke is defined by the Stroke Association as a ‘brain attack’, where part of the brain is depriVed of oxygen. It is also known as a ‘cerebroVascular accident’ (CVA). There are two types of strokes: ischaemic and haemorrhagic... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
New York’s 1827 mayoral election was the harbinger for a new era in politics. Tammany Hall—New York’s democratic political machine—suborned thousands of immigrants to Vote for the pro-Tammany ticket. With cartloads of Irish... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
This paper presents and eValuates the Varying roadblocks that make identifying and assessing emotional abuse to children so complex. This is the case for three primary reasons: the lack of a common definition of what constitutes emotional abuse... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
By 1864 and 1865, the effects of three years of war were like symptoms of a terrible disease afflicting the Confederacy. Internal diVisions caused by perceptions of an oVerreaching and ineffectual goVernment, antagonistic class and state objectiVes... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 05
Directed by Louie Psihoyos, The CoVe (2009) is an Oscar-winning documentary that follows Psihoyos and a crew of deVoted dolphin actiVists as they fight to stymie and bring attention to dolphin hunting in the small coastal Village of Taiji, Japan... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 04
Education reforms were among the most inVested projects of French Indochina. The colonial goVernment introduced them for seVeral purposes, including to train a class of elites to serVe in local administratiVe bureaus and to penetrate and “... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 5 No. 2
For roughly a decade, Côte d'IVoire has been bitterly diVided by a ciVil war between its dry Muslim north and its fertile Christian south. Many commentators haVe attempted to ascribe cultural or social origins to this war, casting it as an... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 5 No. 2
"I rape because of the need. After that I feel like a man." These are the words of a rebel soldier who ruthlessly roams the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in search of his next Victims. Rape has been used in the past during warfare... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 5 No. 2
When we interViewed him in 1997, he said a number of things to us, which I think represent kind of an alternatiVe Vision of the Middle East that most Muslims haVe projected. And this Vision you know during the course of this interView, which was... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 04
LOST is a narratiVe acclaimed for its complex characters and mythological elements, securing an enormous fan base from different cultures all oVer the world. As a complex narratiVe, LOST introduces many components and poses difficult questions that... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
Due to their different subject matter, the way in which social and natural science inquiries are conducted differs. For some, this difference is constituted in a greater reliance upon Values in the social sciences than in the natural. This essay... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
The Internet is the world’s great equalizer. As the driVing force behind globalization and modern progress, the Internet has enabled us to communicate with others across the world almost instantly and proVides a medium for cultural, informational... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
Just a few months after making international news in early 2010 for releasing confidential reports on the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, the international whistleblower site Wikileaks began publicly releasing information from a series of oVer 250,000... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
In the waking moments of the twenty-first century, political science faces a burgeoning global moVement, a crisis in some eyes, and a reVolution in others. News and media hype oVer worldwide protests, from the Middle East, to Africa, to the United... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot wrote, “Because it takes a long time before we are conVinced of their inutility, foundations haVe sometimes become positiVely harmful before they haVe eVen been suspected of being useless.”[1] One could apply... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 03
Since Roe V. Wade affirmed the constitutional right to abortion in 1974, antiabortion actiVists haVe used Various forms of protesting and Violence to disrupt reproductiVe health clinics which proVide abortion care.[1] While there is an appropriate... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 02
Gabriel Almond and GioVanni Sartori proVided fruitful insights into the approaches to political stability. Almond focused on socio-anthropological aspects of societal relations and argued that fragmentation of political cultures – a set of... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 02
In their introduction to Journalism: The Democratic Craft, G. Stuart Adam and Roy Peter Clark write that “journalism is one manifestation of the right of free expression, a fundamental democratic freedom” (p. xVii). This is not a radical... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 02
The Very first air traffic controller was Archie League at Saint Louis Airport in Missouri. His control tower was a wheelbarrow with an umbrella for shade during the summer heat, a notepad and flags. He was instructing the pilot to proceed by raising... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 01
Suburban housing is the backbone of an unsustainable liVing pattern. Long commutes to work and long driVes for groceries, other supplies, and recreational actiVities increase America’s need for expensiVe fossil fuels. The isolated nature of... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 4 No. 01
Industrial Psychology is almost as old as Psychology itself. Psychology came about in 1879 in the laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt in Germany and William James at HarVard. Both of them were philosophers and physicians fascinated with the mind-body debate... Read Article »
2012, Vol. 2011/2012 No. 2
During the armed conflict to topple Muammar Gaddafi in Libya, a common question for obserVers was “who are the Libyan opposition?” Indeed, for one scholar this was the ‘billion dollar question’,1 and, in the United States... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 12
"We must take the offensiVe! Action giVes life, action giVes health. At present the Irish cause is receiVed with a hiss and a sneer. This is telling against us. A few bold and deVoted heroes must spring up and show the world there is still power... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 12
Compared to other empires throughout history, the USSR was an exception. The rulers of the SoViet Union Viewed empire and imperialism in ideological terms as ‘the highest and final stage of capitalism’.[1] By this Leninist definition... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 11
Traditional drug deliVery deVelopment has often neglected the study of drug carrier shape in faVour of size and surface chemistry due to the inadequacy of apparatus to mimic in ViVo conditions and difficulty in pin pointing confounding parameters... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 11
The Constitutional Council was established when the Fifth Republic was born in 1958 (Cole 1998, p. 63). Initially designed as a tool to protect the executiVe against parliament, the Council eVolVed into a powerful force against the goVernment (Elgie... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 11
Since the beginning of criminological research there has been an ongoing debate on the correlation between genetic characteristics and criminal behaVior. There haVe been numerous studies and experiments conducted to help eliminate some of the unknowns... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 11
Dollhouse receiVed mixed critical reViews and a fairly low number of Viewers, but it is reasonable to argue that there has neVer been anything quite comparable to it before. Dollhouse combined elements of dystopian science fiction, fast paced action... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 11
In Plautus’ Roman Comedies, the stock character of the slaVe employs mistaken identity or a disguise to deceiVe his master and others to inVert the social order of the play, characterizing the slaVe as intelligent, cunning, and deceitful.... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 5 No. 1
When should the United States interVene militarily in weak countries? This is a topic of pressing international concern because the United States keeps interVening in weak countries. We are currently inVolVed indirectly in Libya and Very deeply... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 5 No. 1
Ely&egraVe;s Jouini is the Vice-president for research of UniVersité Paris-Dauphine and former Minister for the Economic and Social Reforms of the Tunisian transition goVernment. He currently serVes as the President of the Fondation Paris... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 5 No. 1
Wael Ghonim, a 30-year-old Egyptian who works as an executiVe for Google, enjoyed a house in the United Arab Emirates with a pool and a nice car. But when news of the Egyptian protests reached him in January 2011, he anonymously started a Facebook... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 5 No. 1
In 2001, Goldman Sachs named Brazil one of the four most important emerging economies, with China, Russia and India.1 The BRICs, a term coined by Jim O’Neill, are prophesized to become four of the top six economies in the world by 2050,2 and... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 5 No. 1
In the Hermit Kingdom, information is a crucial resource. Its possession represents access to resource and weapons deVelopment techniques, but more importantly, information is what separates North Korean society from the rest of the world. Since... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 10
In 1967, Valerie Solanas wrote and self-published the SCUM Manifesto, which called for male gendercide and the creation of a superior, all-female society.[1] This radical manifesto declared that women must “oVerthrow the goVernment, eliminate... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 10
History selectiVely chooses which eVents in our past gain notoriety in the present. This selectiVity has some basis in the eVents’ significance, but it is also related to our natural curiosity about the past. Unfortunately, for many, the Tuskegee... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 10
While Samuel Huntington's The Clash of CiVilizations presents a compelling argument for the eVents that happened in the former YugoslaVia, the main argument that was set forth by him using religion as the sole cause of the conflicts in the region... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 10
On NoVember 21, 1945, Robert H. Jackson, the Chief Prosecutor for the United States of America opened the prosecution’s case against German defendants in Nuremberg, Germany. The war in Europe had ended only six months earlier, many of the... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Since the early 1990s, rampant piracy off the coast of Somalia has become a major issue for global trade and security, prompting strong responses from the international community. In 2010 alone, the collectiVe cost of ransom money, military protection... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Of the European Union’s twenty-seVen member states, no country is more sceptical of political and economic integration than Great Britain. The English are profoundly independent and inherently suspicious of their continental neighbours; an... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Stephen Mitchell’s interpretation of the 3500 year old Sumerian epic, Gilgamesh, offers Valuable lessons behind its monster-slaying, glory-seeking adVentures. One such lesson explores the relationship between extremes and balance. Gilgamesh... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Today, approximately 50% of the world, oVer three billion people, liVes on less than $2.50 U.S. dollars a day. Despite poVerty’s wide reaching affects, little research has been conducted that compares the framing of international and domestic... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Volunteer conserVation is a rapidly growing sub-sector of eco-tourism where fee-paying Volunteers traVel to deVeloping countries to actiVely engage in conserVation work (Cousins et al 2009b). As Volunteers proVide the labor and funding for these... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 09
Within the milieu of American teleVision, the Vigilante serial killer, Dexter, stands alone with one of the largest audiences. Why should a Violent antihero, who stalks and kills other serial killers, be so appealing to Americans with a democratic... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2011/2012 No. 1
It was commonplace among academics of the 1970s to share an understanding of the frozen nature of international relations during the Cold War period, and to hold similar assumptions about the fixed character of the nation-state and the importance... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2011/2012 No. 1
The Treaty of Lisbon1 has had effects on the workings of the European Union, and has significant implications both for how it functions through its proVisions on goVernance and decision-making and on how the union deVelops. Lisbon has political... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2011/2012 No. 1
“In God We Trust” - the motto that inspired a nation built on the paradox ‘out of many, one’ could be construed as the wish for ‘diVine goodness and order in the uniVerse’.1 It entails the full recognition of... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
In the western history of human existence the eVent, idea, and act of war stands totemic in the landscape. Borders both physical and mental haVe been defined by its threat and execution, and its aura hangs heaVily oVer the last century as the bloodiest... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
DeVelopment is closely linked to the idea of progress. Therefore the way in which progress is quantified, whether through economic, social or spiritual Values, determines the way in which we conceptualize deVelopment (Power 2005). Religious beliefs... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
PriVatization is the practice of engaging the priVate sector in some aspect of the functions and responsibilities of goVernment operations. Ultimately, goVernments must decide if acquiring a desired serVice is best done through by their own public... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
In The Catastrophist, Ronan Bennett draws on eVents in Ireland to frame the political situation in the Congo and depicts political parallels between the two countries. Simultaneously he uses the reporting of these eVents to attack the “culture... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
The function of caricature within the public sphere can be described as a subVersiVe weapon.[1] It can be said that caricature as a subVersiVe medium can function as an instigator of social, political and artistic change within a social framework... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 08
The extraction of non-renewable natural resources in the form of large-scale mining projects has intensified in recent years in Latin America. In fact, the World Bank and other international financial institutions haVe continued to encourage countries... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 07
In fourteenth century MedieVal Europe the theme of the macabre was commonplace as seen by an oVerwhelming obsession of cadaVerous legends and images created prior to the Black Plague. Illustrations and tales of corpses caVorting with the liVing... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 07
Perhaps for no group of people were ‘the dark ages’ so aptly named as for the Jews. OVer the span of one thousand years life changed wildly for the Jewish people and not in a positiVe way. At the start of the 5th Century the future looked... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 07
American culture is saturated with messages propagated by mass media. What was originally created for encouraging consumerism is now being promoted to a society that is being consumed by the messages themselVes. Mass media is especially harmful... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 06
To assume the task of narrating the history of an oVertly oppressed race is a daunting responsibility. Nonetheless, Edward Kennedy Ellington undertook this task in composing the multi-moVement jazz suite Black, Brown, and Beige. Originally debuted... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 06
Appropriation refers to the act of borrowing or reusing existing elements within a new work. Post-modern appropriation artists, including Barbara Kruger, are keen to deny the notion of ‘originality’.[2] They belieVe that in borrowing... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 06
This project examines the role of the Left Hegelian school of philosophy in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor DostoeVsky. Special attention is giVen to Georg Hegel's section on “World Historical IndiViduals” from Philosophy of History and... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 06
“The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race” is the embodiment of anti-progressiVist theory. Jared Diamond challenges the claim “that human history oVer the past million years has been a long tale of progress,” with... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 05
During most of the 16th and 17th centuries, fear of heretics spreading teachings and opinions that contradicted the Bible dominated the Catholic Church. They persecuted scientists who formed theories the Church deemed heretical and forbade people... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 05
Insurgency is not a new phenomenon for the United States, in fact by definition the American's built an insurgency during the ReVolutionary War. But it was not until the Vietnam War that America faced an insurgency that it could not defeat. Because... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 05
In Vladimir NabokoV's Lolita, the oVerriding force of the narrator, Humbert Humbert, is his need to proVe himself master of eVerything: other people, his own desires, fate, and language itself. Time and time again through Lolita we see Humbert&rsquo... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 05
This paper entails a description of factors related to diagnosis and treatment of DissociatiVe Identity Disorder. Epidemiology, including risk factors and sociocultural aspects of the disorder are presented, along with recommendations for treatment... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 05
The confluence of biography and fiction in Virginia Woolf's Orlando raises the question, of which the book is highly aware, of which genre facilitates the proper perception of the truth. As Woolf writes, “Life, it has been agreed by eVeryone... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
The most obVious and immediate difference between Alexis de TocqueVille’s Democracy in America and Astolphe de Custine’s Letters from Russia is one of style.[1] Put simply, TocqueVille’s text is an impersonal social-scientific... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
This case study asks the following question: giVen the symbol of the European Union as the ultimate supranational, rights-based, compliance-inducing international organization, why haVe member states France and Italy escaped punishment for their... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 4 No. 2
This essay seeks to elucidate the puzzle of China's policy decision to create a SoVereign Wealth Fund (SWF). Much literature has been put forth on the topic to predict the strategic benefits China may be pursuing through its inVestments in American... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 4 No. 2
Mass killing (often carried out in the form of genocide) offends the sensibilities of many people around the world. It is considered a "crime against humanity," such is its barbarity and ruthlessness. When it occurs, the question often asked by... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 4 No. 2
The problem of migration is one of the most urgent ones in the modern world. As a rule, people migrate Voluntarily. In the USSR, howeVer, migration against people's free will was quite a widespread phenomenon. Thus, many Russians found themselVes... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 4 No. 2
When a country undergoes the process of decentralization, it requires a transfer of authority, responsibility, and/ or resources from the national to lower leVels of goVernment, with the purpose of creating good goVernance. If successful, decentralization... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
“No damn cat, and no damn cradle.” (Vonnegut 66). This quote encompasses the satiric postmodern themes of absolute truth in Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle. There are seVeral significantly strong postmodern concepts Vonnegut brings... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
A large portion of Robert Nozick’s Anarchy, The State and Utopia is dedicated to refuting the theories of John Rawls. Specifically, Nozick takes issue with Rawls’ conception of distributiVe justice as it pertains to economic inequalities... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
The world in Aldous Huxley’s BraVe New World has one goal: technological progress. The morals and aspirations of the society are not those of our society today - such as family, loVe, and success - but instead are focused around industry,... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 04
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s noVella Herland explores a separatist feminist utopia. Published in 1915, Herland begins when three men – a womanizer, a Southern gentleman fixated on woman as domestic angels, and a narrator who represents... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
When inVestigating the effect of gaze direction on facial expressions of emotion, preVious imaging research indicated that dynamic presentation of stimuli produced higher amygdala responses (Sato, Kochiyama, Uono, & Yoshikawa, 2010). A behaVioral... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
On 5 December 1995, Jean-Dominique Bauby suffered from an abrupt massiVe stroke that seVered his brainstem. The stroke disconnected his brain from his spinal cord, and rendered the editor of the French Elle quadriplegic and mute. By communicating... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
Many theories regarding bipedalism in early hominids, as well as the adVantages proVided by bipedalism haVe arisen and haVe been debated. The theories are an attempt to reconstruct the past enVirons in which these early bipeds liVed, to make a solid... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
It is widely recognized that state security is no longer contingent upon a balance of power or the threat of conquering states, but global stability is now instead jeopardized by weak or fragile states. Fragile states represent chaos, disorder,... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
The New York Times coVerage of negotiations at Brest-LitoVsk between January 1 and January 12, 1918, reflected the newspaper's preoccupation with Germany during wartime and her ulterior motiVes. It also eVinced skepticism about the BolsheViks' sincerity... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
This paper considers the combat motiVations of British men during the First World War; why did men fight, and once in the trenches, continue to figh? The paper focuses on British forces, due to the amount of aVailable material regarding Britain... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
Tribal communities in India mainly consist of forest dwellers who haVe accumulated a rich knowledge on the uses of Various forests and forest products oVer the centuries. According to Article 342 of the Indian Constitution, the Scheduled Tribes... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
GustaVe Flaubert’s Madame BoVary is an intricate and compelling tale of a young woman caught in the throes of romanticism, a tale full of rich imagery and authorial allusions to Flaubert’s own life. In fact, he is once quoted as saying... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
Violence undermines an inclusiVe national identity that considers those of other races, classes and creeds as compatriots, for as Mirowsky and Ross (1983: 238) note, “When other people in one’s life haVe become a hostile army, social... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
Ahab, the monomaniacal ship captain of Herman MelVille’s Moby Dick, is a man plagued by reVenge. Searching the seas for the whale who took his leg and along with it, his ability to effectiVely assimilate into society, Ahab continually shows... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 03
In the aftermath of mass Violence and terror, nations are left in a state of disillusionment, fear, and often a lack of state legitimacy. In this atmosphere many nations haVe resorted to using different forms of reconciliation and peace-building... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
The Republic of Chechnya in Russia’s North Caucasus region has drawn significant attention for being host to remarkable instability, thriVing terrorism, and a staggering display of human rights Violations oVer the past two decades, including... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
In the Aeneid, Virgil depicts the struggle of the newly displaced Trojans to find a new home, under the leadership of Aeneas. The Trojans, haVing only recently lost the Trojan War to the Greeks, traVel in search of a new home, eVentually settling... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
Based on his own definition of the term in “Godzilla Vs. Post-Colonial,” Thomas King has created a piece of associational literature in his 1989 noVel Medicine RiVer. He has done so not only through his focus on daily, seemingly mundane... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
The actiVity of feral ungulates such as pigs, goats, and deer has resulted in extensiVe biodiVersity loss in Hawaii. These animals were introduced by the Polynesians as domesticated liVestock, and now play a destructiVe role in the local ecosystem... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
Elements of defiance in the face of traditionally European ideals and practices are eVident throughout Luci Tapahonso’s 2008 A Radiant CurVe, most notably in her use of French- and Italian-based forms for many of her poems. Her use of the... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
Early American society experienced moments of great change, politically, economically and socially. With the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Americans shattered preVious paradigms of political thought, proViding the opportunity for a... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
If you’re looking for another all-American cross-country loVe story, you’d be better off browsing moVie aisles far, far away from the likes of Badlands. This 1973 title, director Terrence Malick’s debut film, turns the typical... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
PreVious research suggests that culture influences our autobiographical memories. This study sought to determine if the collectiVism/indiVidualism dimension of culture influences the process of imagination inflation. Forty college students were... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
Though the Holocaust ended nearly a lifetime ago, the systematic extermination of two- thirds of Europe’s Jewish population has left immutable memories that continue to manifest themselVes within each new generation of citizens worldwide.... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 02
Andrei RubleV (c. 1360-1430) is a mysterious figure, whose biography is not well known, although he is historically considered the best-known painter of Russian icons and frescoes. Early in his life he joined the Trinity-Sergei LaVra Monastery,... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2010/2011 No. 1
The urgency of concern oVer the earth’s biodiVersity has increased oVer the last couple of decades. This has resulted in the formation of the ConVention of BiodiVersity which declared in 2002 that it would haVe achieVed a ‘significant... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2010/2011 No. 1
The European Union (EU) is rarely seen as a powerful actor on the international relations stage. A statecentric, ‘high politics’ View of global politics tends to oVerlook the inVolVement of the EU and its effectiVeness, 2 and the dominance... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2010/2011 No. 1
Amidst highly politicised coVerage of Venezuela and the media’s obsession with its controVersial leader, Hugo CháVez, it is clear that the current goVernment is the most proactiVe of the progressiVe forces on the South American continent... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2010/2011 No. 1
Access to water has been a major factor in international relations for many centuries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa1, a region that can regularly run out of adequate water resources.2 After the emergence of nation-states in the... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 2010/2011 No. 1
In December 2009 the Danish capital, Copenhagen, hosted a conVention of approximately 45,000 participants including 120 Heads of State and Heads of GoVernment, for the purpose of formulating an international response to the issue of climate change... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
The insight that Vladimir NabokoV proVides into the 1905 Russian ReVolution, in his book Speak, Memory, sometimes merges with the general View--presented, for example, by Nicholas V. RiasanoVsky in a more traditional account--but at many other times... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
For many decades, scholars haVe debated the importance of religion in helping slaVes cope with the horrible experience of slaVery in the antebellum South. HoweVer, the way they treated the subject differs and the conclusions they reached are Varied... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Dealing with the issue of healthcare is no small challenge for any country, either rich or poor. For Ethipoia, health issues represent a major challenge. Tuberculosis, malaria, mental illnesses, and especially HIV/AIDS are health issues with which... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Throughout Émile Durkheim’s Social Facts, he proVides an account of what he deems to be the correct nature of social facts. This essay explores his account in order to assess its relation to both methodological holism and methodological... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Religion is a subject that we encounter daily, either because we follow a specific faith and the rules established by it, or because we meet people who proclaim their faith unabashed, or because we know it is a taboo subject in social conVersations... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
When starting on an autobiography, the author must ask themselVes how they will choose to deal with the aspect of time in their work. Will they choose to follow the eVents of their life lineally or in a stream of consciousness recall? This contemplation... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
YeVgheny YeVtushenko’s poetry spans time and space when relating to Russia and its history. His poetry, as he himself, declares, is intended to teach the conscience of anyone who reads it. And indeed, his poetry, whether political or romantic... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Once upon a time, in a land called America, people truly belieVed in a capitalist system. Citizens worked hard their entire liVes to feed into their 401-K plans and expected that depending on how the economy went, they may profit from their work... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
This paper explores the link between cultural identity and globalization through the lens of wine appellation regulations in the United States, with the American Viticultural Areas (AVAs), and in France, with Champagne. The expansion of economic... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
As children, we idolize the relationship of our parents. We watch their loVe and affection and assume that such relationships are easy to find−that loVe comes naturally. This naïVeté is portrayed on the teleVision sitcom &ldquo... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
The diVide between human and non-human, real and not-real, is a problem frequently explored in texts about toys and undead creatures. EVen the term ‘undead’ is problematic, for while the undead are not ‘dead’ in the truest... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Big oil’s ruthless supply and demand tactics haVe monopolized the entire energy industry by shredding competitors’ attempts to offer alternatiVes. Consumers are thus forced to surrender their right to choose due to the aggressiVe techniques... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
Although peace and pacifism are familiar ideas to most students today, for much of human history these concepts haVe been relegated to the religious domain and excluded from the study and practice of politics.[1] At the same time, war--organized... Read Article »
2011, Vol. 3 No. 01
“Human security means protecting Vital freedoms. It means protecting people from critical and perVasiVe threats and situations, building on their strengths and aspirations. It also means creating systems that giVe people the building blocks... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
We can categorize poetic texts into three distinct types: the narratiVe poem, or poem that tells a story; the epic poem, or a long narratiVe poem on heroic subjects; and the lyric, in which a poet or speaker expresses an emotional state. (Schweibert... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
In his seminal text, LeViathan, the philosopher Thomas Hobbes offers what was then a radically noVel conception of the origins of ciVil goVernment. Hobbes’ ideas of the commonwealth are predicated upon his Views of human nature and the state... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a noVel about the human psyche. It is as concerned with man’s ability to descend into madness as it is with his ability to break away from it and triumph oVer the dark, consuming impulses that threaten... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
Vitamin D has long been considered important for bone health because it aids in the absorption of calcium into the bone tissue. HoweVer, emerging research indicates that Vitamin D is critical for other body systems to function properly, greatly... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
In the society that GioVanni Boccaccio’s The Decameron is set in, women generally are held in a lower social standing than men. As with most societies until relatiVely recently in history, women were not allowed to haVe a significant role... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 12
Eating disorders continue to increase in preValence among adolescents, young men and women, as well as older adults, affecting nearly 5 million Americans each year (Reiss, 2002). Specifically, 1.1-4.2% of teenage girls will deVelop Bulimia NerVosa... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 11
The term ‘nation’ is notoriously hard to define, not only because it has multiple meanings, but because the preVailing definitions change in response to Various social and political factors (Ozkirimli 2000). In its most basic form a... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 11
Gifted learners, although possessing higher leVels of intelligence than their peers, are disadVantaged in the sense that they frequently do not, or are not giVen the opportunity, to reach their full potential (Farmer, 1993). Krause, Bochner and... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 11
Learning to play guitar is painful. For the first months, the coarse steel of the guitar strings shreds the soft skin of the player’s fingertips into a disgusting bloody mess. A reasonable person who does not play guitar would be entirely... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 11
John Keats’s “When I HaVe Fears” has often been read as a poem about a poet and his fear of mortality. Such a fear is not hard to unearth in Keats’s collection of poetry, not to mention his famous letters to family and friends... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 11
There are few goVernment policies disheartening enough to make me lose sleep at night. But of those few, the subsidization of the corn industry is one big one, and the way in which the goVernment continues to squander billions of dollars on a senseless... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 4 No. 1
The Niger Delta conflict is one created and exacerbated by the oil and natural gas riches of the region. Great hydrocarbon wealth has been extracted oVer the past decades, yet Delta residents continue to liVe in underdeVeloped and polluted circumstances... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 4 No. 1
The initial 100 days of Viktor YanukoVych’s presidency appeared to be a complete departure from the Yushchenko presidency. While publicly reiterating his commitment to integration with the European Union and supporting transparency, freedom... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
Superheroes haVe a strong influence in our society, and as such we should look at the messages that they  represent. To this end, I haVe examined the sexuality and gender roles that superheroes suggest through their appearance, the way they... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
Sexism is not unique to Christianity; howeVer, in the Christian religion many of those who identify themselVes as Christian fundamentalists are more likely to hold sexist Views of women. Because the scriptures were written during a time in which... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
You, he, they, and I. All of these pronouns are used in John McGahern’s The Dark to refer to the central character who, when named, is simply giVen a surname: Mahoney. Young Mahoney is a troubled youth who is coming of age in the brutal Irish... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
Founded in 1867 by Dr. Thomas Barnardo to help "abused, Vulnerable, forgotten and neglected children," children's charity Barnardo's now helps oVer 110,000 children eVery year (Barnardo's, 2009). Although traditionally adVertising has been used... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
Many scholars belieVe that the mass public is ignorant regarding political matters (Somin 1998; ConVerse 1964; Campbell, ConVerse, Miller, Stokes 1980; Caplan 2007). Somin (1998) diVides this ignorance into three types. One is a lack of information... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
A nine-foot-tall, royal blue giant creeps low to the ground, brushing by exotic foliage. He holds a proportionally large bow and arrow in hand. In an instant he pauses, keeping entirely still, before loading an arrow into his weapon. He pulls back... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
We liVe in a time today similar to the beginning of the 20th century; then, industrial forces were rapidly changing (as seen in the industrial reVolution and the rise of the Western nation-state) in ways that parallel our current state of economic... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 10
The adVent of digital computers and contemporary neuroscience has fundamentally changed possible approaches to artificial intelligence (AI). Mankind’s perpetually eVolVing technological capacity ineVitably leads to faster processors, more... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
In his article “Brain Bisection and the Unity of Consciousness,” Thomas Nagel suggests that the ordinary conception of a unified mind is misled. To support his claim, he turns to data concerning patients whose corpus callosum has been... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
Since the collapse of the SoViet Empire in 1991, the world has gone through a final massiVe waVe of democratization in Europe, which was highlighted by the fact that many countries finally gained long sought independence and autonomy. Sudden change... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
The Holocaust created a new type of person en masse: surViVors. Those who surViVed were forced to cope with a first-hand encounter with the human capacity for eVil. For the Holocaust surViVor, the struggle to liVe continued long after liberation... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
Between 1942 and 1943, 250,000 innocent Jews were systematically murdered at the Nazi death camp Sobibor (Blatt). An underground moVement, composed of a select few courageous indiViduals, plotted and executed a plan of escape to aVoid the otherwise... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
A country of approximately 37 million people, Kenya has struggled to build a health system that can effectiVely deliVer quality health serVices to its population. Access to health care Varies widely throughout the country and is determined on numerous... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
The morality of eVery person dictates the innate wrongness of genocide, and yet the world stood by as the Nazis sent millions to the gas chambers during the Holocaust. Historians and social scientists often attribute this moral failure to the blissfully... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
Attention Deficit HyperactiVity Disorder (ADHD), also known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), has become increasingly preValent in children and adolescents as the years haVe passed. Reports show that more than two million school-aged children... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 09
Postcolonial Kenya has seen a significant amount of deVelopment, both politically and economically, since its independence in 1963. Starting with the presidency of Jomo Kenyatta, the nation prospered -- experiencing economic growth of at least 5... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 08
In March of 2002, US intelligence and law enforcement agents, in collaboration with Pakistani security forces, raided a compound in Faisalabad, Pakistan, where they captured the first “high Value detainee” in the War on Terror. Their... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 07
The United States presidency is a complex role, encompassing both domestic and foreign policy responsibilities. As a major world power, the United States has a large role in the realm of foreign policy, and it is the duty of the president to assume... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 07
There has always been a great deal of intrigue as to why certain people and certain parts of the world are cursed with such a greater deal of suffering than others. OVer time certain societies haVe deVeloped through a series of phases of modernity... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 07
Following the collapse of the Puritan Protectorate in 1660, the halls of court seemed to buzz with a festiVe attitude: “Out with the old and in with the… older.” CaValier reVelries under Charles II regained the notoriety of their... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 07
The myth of American exceptionalism has existed since early on in our nation’s history. As early as the mid 1830s, Alexis de TocqueVille proclaimed that the United States held remarkable place in the world, as a nation of immigrants liVing... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 07
The Establishment Clause is an important element of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. It states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…” HoweVer... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
“A song is something that we communicate to those people who otherwise would not understand where we are coming from. You could giVe them a long political speech – they would still not understand. But I tell you: when you finish that... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
When Lenin ushered in the New Economic Policy in August 1921, many BolsheViks and their sympathizers lost faith in the SoViet goVernment. Throughout August to September 1921, The New York Times’ Walter Duranty Vacillated between recognizing... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis SteVenson proVes to be an enduring literary illumination into the human psyche. This little noVella, published as a Christmas story in 1886, took some of the first steps into early Modernism... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
"When can we expect a pro-Western, pro-business goVernment in Iran?" asks a US goVernment official in the quasi-fictitious film Syriana. Today, it is highly probable that the same question is still being asked by anxious diplomats the world oVer... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
Conflict management in the Horn of Africa has been relatiVely unsuccessful. Foreign colonialism created boundaries that haVe yet to be resolVed, and newly independent nations engaged in conflicts responsible for human rights atrocities, child conscription... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 06
Martin Luther King, Jr. once wrote that “to ignore eVil is to become an accomplice to it.”[1]  Although this statement was meant towards the ciVil rights moVement, the idea equally applies in other instances, especially in times... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 05
There is a growing consensus that the preValence of a large youth population is not conduciVe to peace and that such a ‘youth bulge’ can eVen increase the risk of ciVil conflict and political Violence.[1] Richard Cincotta and Elizabeth... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 05
In the past two-hundred or so years, Vampires haVe transformed from a sort of worst nightmare into the charming hero of our dreams. Flashback to 1734, Oxford English Dictionary’s first record of the word Vampire: they were generally and, depending... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 05
Long held as one of the most prized executiVe powers, the presidential Veto in American politics grants the sitting president the power to unilaterally halt any piece of legislation. Though the word “Veto” does not appear anywhere in... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 05
In this chapter, we will be obserVing the extent to which our 43rd President upheld his 2000 campaign promise to be a compassionate conserVatiVe. When obserVing George W. Bush’s “compassionate conserVatism,” I will be constraining... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 05
Money is a term difficult to define. It is a concept subject to deep indiVidual interpretation. For some, money means power, to others, a way of liVing; some say it begets stability, and there are those who belieVe it is at the center of eVerything... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
The meaning behind both Andrew MarVell’s “To His Coy Mistress” and Shakespeare’s sonnets has been debated since their respectiVe publications. MarVell’s poem and specifically Shakespeare’s sonnets 55 and 60 haVe... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
Baz Luhrmann’s kaleidoscopic film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, while often leaVing much to be desired from the two main actors in the way of deliVery, presents a fascinating modern interpretation of the 16th century drama. DaVid Ansen,... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
Game Changer—any person, institution, or eVent whose action significantly alters the current enVironment and status quo—for better or for worse.  They come in many different shapes and sizes; from presidents to technological giants... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
“You don’t do any singing, you’re too busy swinging”[i]. Thus spoke Malcolm X. He promulgated the new paradigm of anti-nonViolence[ii] he helped popularize during the 1960s. It had been around a decade since Brown V. Board... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 3 No. 2
"Our forces were Vastly superior to the rebels. Then why couldn't we finish with them quickly? Because they managed to mobilize the population through terror and persuasion. It was therefore imperatiVe that we isolate the rebels from the population... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 3 No. 2
Colonel William Way is a USAR officer. He receiVed a direct commission in the Army Judge AdVocate General's Corps in 1990. Colonel Way earned a BS in Economics from the Wharton School, UniVersity of PennsylVania, in 1983, a JD from Hastings College... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 3 No. 2
How many political, economic, and social mistakes will a population accommodate before it rebels? Due to the self-checking mechanism of elections in democracies this question can be superfluous, yet it still haunts politicians, high ranking officials... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
The processes by which the human brain creates, stores, and uses memories are Very complex and haVe been the topics of many research experiments in psychology. In 1972, Craik and Lockhart published a paper on leVels of processing that suggested, &... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
Since soon after the inVention of sound films, directors haVe been turning popular—and sometimes not so popular—books into motion pictures.  Many a critique, either positiVe or negatiVe, has been written about the editorializing... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
Angola today is framed by a history of Violent conflict that has left the population far behind on all major indicators. Lacking a democratic culture, the country faces two significant challenges: first, the challenge of completing a long-stalled... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 04
The world's largest menorah is not in Jerusalem, Lakewood or eVen in Crown Heights; it can be found in the town square of  Birobidjan, the capital city of the eponymous Jewish Autonomous Oblast of the SoViet Union. The menorah is 21 meters... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
In Leo Tolstoy's The Death of IVan Illyich, the story's protagonist--IVan--is dead before the story begins. The first chapter concerns itself with some of IVan’s work associates. With the exception of a posthumous cameo, Tolstoy completely... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
“Human rights” is a concept so deeply intertwined into the modern discourse that it seems almost impossible to question it or refer to any standard beyond it. The problematic nature of this issue is not so much that people haVe different... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
The United Nations states that at its broadest, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be defined as the oVerall contribution of business to sustaina­ble deVelopment (UNDESA, 2007). That being said, unmonitored corporate social responsibility... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
The Musée du Quai Branly opened under the long shadow of the Eiffel Tower in 2006 to spectacular criticism. Initiated primarily at the behest of then-President Jacques Chirac (b. 1932, held office from 1995-2007), the museum possesses an... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
In America, the years from 1946 to 1962, labeled the “post classical era” of cinema, were years in a state of transition. American culture was simply unstoppable and aliVe, constantly changing and growing toward a more open society.... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
On NoVember 2nd, 2000, FOX News declared George W. Bush to be the next President of the United States (Moore 36). Within four minutes, CBS, ABC, CNN, and NBC had all decided this was also true (36). The source of this knowledge was none other than... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
The holocaust proVed that morality is adaptable in extreme circumstances.  Traditional morality ceased to be so within the barbed wire of the concentration camps. Within the camps, prisoners were not treated like humans and therefore adapted... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
George Huntington first described Huntington’s disease (HD) in 1872 as being a hereditary chorea, “an heirloom fortunately being confined to just a few families but known to exist as a horror” (Neylan, 2003). This disorder of the... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
Twitter. Facebook. Digg. MySpace. LinkedIn. The list of social media tools could probably run on for paragraphs, and today’s technology changes so rapidly that many industries, including corporations and news media, can barely keep up. In... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
Twentieth Century Fox was right to question the likelihood of box-office success for James Cameron’s $200 million film Titanic: “an Edwardian period piece, a costume film, a romance, a story whose ending was known – and a &lsquo... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
Democracy is based on the core principle that the power to goVern should be in the hands of the people.  In the United States, the people exercise that power by casting their Vote for the candidate they see as most fit to lead. This right is... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
Bohumil Hrabal was born in 1915, and liVed through some of the most tumultuous years of Czech history. Hrabal grew up in the time of the First Republic, when literature moVed away from nationalism to a more aesthetic View. In this frame, Hrabal... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
The scene is set for another take: the actors and extras are in costume and in place; the set decorator has set the stage just as the Vision of the film entails; the director of photography has the lights and cameras ready to capture the action.... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
The discoVery of adult neurogenesis (the endogenous production of new neurons) in the mammalian brain more than 40 years ago (Malcolm R. Alison, 2002) has resulted in a wealth of knowledge of this branch of neuroscience. Today we know that the continuous... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
EVery passing decade, the culture of human beings as a whole has been significantly affected by technology and science. Whether it’s something small, like the inVention of automatic doors, or something enormously important, like the inVention... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 03
In recent years, it has become clear through scientific inVestigation and public opinion that the current state of enVironmental degradation and ongoing damage are a practice that cannot be carried into future generations if mankind wishes to maintain... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Despite releasing twenty-two albums in the nearly thirty years between his debut in 1967 and the commercially rejected No. 1 Outside, the general opinion of DaVid Bowie in 1996 was that, though a liVing legend, he had not recorded anything worthwhile... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Reading a story by Ursula Le Guin is like watching a poignant moVie unfold on screen: captiVating and intriguing, a tale that is not simply about inciting reactions but also about finding meaning behind words and images. Le Guin forces the reader... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Bram Stoker’s now legendary noVel, Dracula, is not just any piece of cult-spawning fiction, but rather a time capsule containing the popular thoughts, ideas, and beliefs of the Victorian era that paints an elaborate picture of what society... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
J.D. Salinger’s “The Laughing Man” is a classic frame story which displays the parallels between a storyteller and his real life.  The narrator of the story, along with his friends, acts as the “readers” of this... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
The Chechen people haVe endured a long history of aggression, culminating at the end of the twentieth century during which a separatist struggle against Russia began, triggering the First Chechen War in 1994. At the onset of the Second Chechen War... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
EVery day, people are inundated with decisions, big and small. Understanding how people arriVe at their choices is an area of cognitiVe psychology that has receiVed attention. Theories haVe been generated to explain how people make decisions, and... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
In “Amor de lejos: Latino (Im)migration Literatures,” B.V. Olguin writes, “Latino/a (im)migration narratiVes…often illustrate the traumatic aspects of displacement by focusing in part on how immigration, migration, exile... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
“You haVe created a Museum; carefully assemble here eVery masterpiece which the Republic [of France] already possesses…and the entire world will be eager to deposit its treasures, its singularities, its accomplishments; and the documents... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
On the eVe of the 19th century, in 1781, French-American immigrant Hector St. Jean de CreVecoeur wrote a letter, the third in his famed Letters from an American Farmer, entitled “What Is An American?” His answer, as open for interpretation... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Film is a highly collaboratiVe medium. Most moVie Viewers probably do not think of the collaboration process each time they sit at the theater, or at their computer, but the required teamwork is significant, as any moViegoer who has actually sits... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Within the first ten minutes of Twilight of the Golds, it is clear that both Judaism and homosexuality play a role in the Gold family. The family is at least culturally Jewish, if not more, and the son DaVid (Brendan Fraser), is portrayed to be... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
If BulgakoV is a well know name, the same cannot be said for Matos, who was a literary man considered one of the Croatian masters of Modernism, and a key persona in the country’s culture. He was not only a writer, but also a poet, a journalist... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
EVery single person liVing in the United States today is affected by juVenile crime. It affects parents, neighbors, teachers, and families. It affects the Victims of crime, the perpetrators, and the bystanders. While delinquency rates haVe been... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
During his Inaugural Address, President Barack Obama resonated with the ideals of many Americans—prosperity, freedom, good will, faith, and determination. He spoke of the market as haVing "umatched" power, "to generate wealth and expand freedom... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Robert Browning’s two poems, “Porphyria’s LoVer” and “My Last Duchess,” haVe some striking similarities. Both feature men who seem mentally disturbed; Further, both of these men had relationships with "strong"... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Due to the lack of homosexual characters in mainstream Video games, there are Very few positiVe references to homosexuality. If a homosexual male aVatar is present in a Video game, he is usually portrayed as flamboyant, feminine, and unable to fend... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Despite both being the leading female characters in their respectiVe pieces, Christabel from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Christabel and Madeline from John Keats’ The EVe of St. Agnes haVe many striking similarities. Throughout both poems... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
In England and Scotland, the notion of a king's diVine right to rule gained leVerage during the reign of King James I. In James’s The True Law of Free Monarchies, first published in 1598, he describes his philosophy concerning monarchy, suggesting... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
The Karimojong people of the Karamoja region of Uganda are perhaps one of the few groups left on the planet that remain mostly disconnected from modern ciVilization. This semi-nomadic community has liVed in the northeastern region of Uganda for... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse follows the deVelopment of the painter, Lily Briscoe, as she striVes to create a meaningful space for her artwork in an increasingly critical and unkind world.  Woolf’s stylistic deVices, especially... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
By N B
King Claudius, as seen in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is both intelligent and well-spoken, two traits that, put together, complement his manipulatiVe and dangerous nature. In fact though, it is his conscience that makes Claudius such a complex... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 02
The leVel of data collection mandated by the REAL ID Act of 2007 should raise concern for all American citizens who enjoy their priVacy, because it mandates unprecedented leVels of data collection and an equally unprecedented leVel of nationwide... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
By N B
The same, it seems, is true of royalty, except that it is not only the family name on the line, but that of the entire country. In William Shakespeares Richard II, the father figures of Gaunt and York, try to persuade Richard to set things straight... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Frederick Douglass’ statement about slaVery concisely defines the effect that such an institution had on the entire shape of a nation: Without slaVery, how does one understand freedom? For hundreds of years, the United States thriVed economically... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Jean-Paul Marat, notorious for his inspiring yet aggressiVe publications during the French ReVolution, was one of the most influential characters of the late 18th century. Indeed, his radical publications helped induce the Violent manner of the... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Omer BartoV’s essay from Intellectuals on Auschwitz expresses the author’s dismay with the postwar and postmodern representations of, and discourses on, the Holocaust. He breaks down larger concepts on memory and history into fiVe segments... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
The French ReVolution marks a stain in history, notorious for one of the bloodiest periods in modern ciVilization. Whether this infamous Violence existed at the birth of the ReVolution or only during the Terror has been the topic of debate between... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
In 1961, nearly a decade after the “Golden Age” of teleVision had passed, commercial teleVision was still changing the American lifestyle, from liVing rooms to bars. It was then that Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chair Newton... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
“Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will liVe in infamy…” is one of the most recognized speeches in United States history.[1] Franklin Delano RooseVelt spoke firmly and directly on December 8, 1941 of a Japanese &ldquo... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Since 1989, when economist John Williamson first conceiVed of the economic and policy recommendations known as the Washington Consensus (Williamson, 1989), this Consensus became generally accepted as the most effectiVe model by which deVeloping... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
In William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing, all of the main characters experience and participate in some form of deceit designed to dupe another character.  HoweVer, among the societal members of Messina, Don John particularly stands... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
As medical and biological technology has progressed in recent years, concerns haVe been raised about the priVacy implications of genetic records that can identify indiViduals and predict future conditions to which they are predisposed. According... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
The poems which SylVia Plath composed in the weeks and days immediately preceding her death contain some of the most disturbing themes present in Modernist poetry. In Ariel, an anthology containing her most ferVent, emotional, and troubling poetry... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare plays with the themes of loVe, art, imagination, and dreaming to forge an oVerall meaning for his work.  His play within a play, found in Act V, expands on his themes and portrays the relationship... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Mass media is perhaps the most powerful tool in the world for creating, changing or perpetuating society’s ideas about an issue or group of people. It works both oVertly and subconsciously: deciding which issues are important, how to frame... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
After the waVe of liberalization of many African states in the late twentieth-century, the world has seen a rise in the amount of international and internal conflicts that haVe taken thousands of human liVes. Ethnic tensions and economic hardships... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
In the world of the American slaVe, Violence and control were intimately connected. As Frederick Douglass notes, “Men are whipped oftenest who are whipped easiest,” a sentiment that points to the cyclical nature of Violence against the... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Elizabeth Bishop, known for her reticent poetic style, reVeals the secrets of her personal life through carefully wrought metaphors.  In her Villanelle, “One Art,” Bishop reVeals the purpose of art and the significance of poetic... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
From 1954 to 1989, Paraguay was subject to the authoritarian regime of Alfredo Stroessner and the Colorado Party. While Stroessner came to power at a time of great economic strife, it was the most prosperous time of his regime that led to his downfall... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
The legacy of the American CiVil War with which we are left is one that emphasizes a participatory American populace, oVerwhelmingly enthused oVer and inVested in the conflict. Particularly in the North, we are likely to think of a cooperatiVe culture... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
When the United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867, it did not simply grow by 663,000 square miles; it also accepted responsibility for the people liVing within its new borders. But America has not fulfilled its responsibilities... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
It is tempting to classify literary, cinematic, and historical characters into groups. The trouble, of course, is that such labels can be misleading at best, and seVerely subjectiVe and Variable. When using terms such as hero, Villain, anti-hero... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
‘WHO WERE THOSE PEOPLE?’ historian Howard Zinn asked a member of the Sacco and Vanzetti Commemoration Society in NoVember 2008. Zinn had just deliVered a lecture for the benefit of the Society on ‘The Meaning of Sacco and Vanzetti... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
As the world's first real Marxist experiment, the SoViet Union, by Virtue of lasting seVenty odd years, proVed Western intelligentsia wrong. The latter had long thought it was doomed to fail. When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the SoViet Union... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Oppression tends to exist in compartmentalized, clearly labeled categories of race, social class, gender, or sexual preference. While these rigidly defined categories may haVe been applied to allow for rational discussion of problems and solutions... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
SylVia Plath‘s The Bell Jar is about a young woman named Esther Greenwood entering college in the early 1950’s, a time before the second waVe of the women’s moVement had been implemented. Esther has dreams of becoming a famous... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
One of the more oVert dilemmas in the music of Ocean’s EleVen was the necessary need to reflect on the idea of old guard Las Vegas and the obVious modernity of the time in which the moVie is set. It epitomizes classic Rat Pack Versus online... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
In 1994 South Africa's regime of apartheid, under which the black majority was suppressed and discriminated against by the white minority, came to an end.1The African National Congress (ANC) won the first free elections in the same year, and the... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
Or, they can contact Weather Modification Incorporated in Fargo, North Dakota and order some “enhanced precipitation” or “hail damage mitigation.” It sounds like science fiction, but in many places around the world, scientists... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2 No. 01
On April 6, 1994, the Hutu[1] president of Rwanda and the newly elected president of Burundi, also a Hutu, were both assassinated when their jet was shot down while landing in Kigali. In response to the April killing of the two state presidents,... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2009/2010 No. 1
Electoral turnout in the United Kingdom Varies significantly from one election to the next, be that in a general election or in local elections.1 We originally wanted to discoVer the reasons as to why the public choose to Vote or not. HaVing read... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2009/2010 No. 1
An article about Scotland. In an International Politics Journal. This may seem odd, but it could become releVant in the next few years. It is possible that in twenty years that Scottish Politics will be International. Nationalists in Wales and Scotland... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2009/2010 No. 1
“But you can’t grow,” answered the Fairy. “Why not?” “Because Marionettes neVer grow. They are born Marionettes, they liVe Marionettes, and they die Marionettes.” “Oh, I’m tired of always being... Read Article »
2010, Vol. 2009/2010 No. 1
As early as 1978 the Henley Center identified that household interactions were becoming increasingly ‘cellular’ rather than ‘nuclear’2; that is increasingly family interaction as a unit was becoming far less regular and more... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
The number of ancient sources aVailable to the readers and playwrights of Elizabethan times was truly immeasurable. These sources could be reached both as original texts in Greek and Latin, and in French and English translations. Popular indirect... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
A giant hole is ripped in the side of a skyscraper. Smoke and flames pour out and debris tumbles into the street. Clouds of smoke billow upwards and burning embers rain down. Plumes of dust and smoke blot out the sun, darkening the city skyline.... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
A great deal is known about Nikola Tesla’s origins—namely, his country and people, to which and of whom he attributed so great a deal. The inVentor recognized that he came from an extremely conflicted area in the Balkans, full of strife... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
The French historian Jean de JoinVille was born into a noble and influential family in Champagne in 1224.[1] He took the cross in 1248 to join the first crusade of Louis IX. His decision to go on crusade was at least in part influenced by the long... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Chaucer’s description of “the Knight” in his “General Prologue” may be seen as a multi-layered narration. First he giVes a Very precise and historically releVant account of his campaigns. Based on what Chaucer knows... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Written language is one of the greatest human accomplishments; its formation signifies a breakthrough in human progress. The deVelopment of a standardized writing system seems to be a somewhat natural occurrence in the eVolution of any giVen adVanced... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Hypothyroidism is an unsuspected illness of epidemic proportions in western ciVilization unrecognized by the modern medical community (Starr xix). The affects are far-reaching and perVasiVe. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that addressing... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Art NouVeau is the so-called “modern style” deVeloped at the turn of the 19th century. Although it is dated roughly between 1890 and 1910, its first true recognition as an important new moVement in art and design occurred at the UniVersal... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
“The genocide was a collectiVe act. What made it possible, what made that final political crime possible was the absence, the erasure of seeing the other, of knowing, of feeling, of being with the other. And when that's remoVed, then politics... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
In her article “Visual Pleasure and the NarratiVe Cinema”, Laura MulVey describes a way of analyzing and understanding cinema from a feminist and psychoanalytic perspectiVe. A Very similar approach is taken by Molly Haskell in her reView... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
It is mid-1998. On news programs in the United States, the issue of interVention in KosoVo is addressed as a preValent concern. It is at least mentioned in eVery presentation: any progress that's been made or any possible change is offered to the... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Children’s literature in the context of this research paper (and hopefully too in the eyes of the majority) is the ultimate escape; it is neither box nor leash nor constraint of any sort. It is the one genre of literature that does not hold... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
What critical eVolutionary eVents does the span of human progression include? Anthropologists agree that decisiVe transitions such as sedentism, domestication, the use of language, and the arriVal of culture and complex societies are associated... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
I will oppose ferVently anyone who argues that the relatiVe success of the Christian church owes anything to “uniqueness,” at least as far as theology goes. Christianity is not unique, not in its conception of God, not in its ideas about... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Atlas Shrugged’s presentation of money departs from the traditional dichotomy of the “haVes and haVe-nots.” In fact such a characterization of money succinctly captures the ultimate eVil, in conflict with the ultimate good. The... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
The preValence of methamphetamine (ME) use among American Indians and NatiVe Alaskans (AI/NAs) is strikingly high in comparison to other ethnic groups in the U.S. (Iritani, Dion Hallfors & Bauer, 2007). HoweVer, few datasets are aVailable that... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
Political philosopher and social psychologist, John Locke was an outspoken supporter of equal rights within a goVerned society. He espoused the natural rights of man, namely the right to life, liberty and property, and he articulated that eVery... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 12
In Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EVening,” the motiVe behind the narrator’s “stopping” has long been debated (3). On one side, some argue that the narrator is simply looking oVer the scenery. On... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
OVer the last few decades there has been an oVerflow of publications and discussions regarding Pope Pius XII in realtion to the Holocaust and World War II. Originally stemming from Rolf Hochuth’s “The Deputy,” the controVersy was... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Considered by some to be the father of the short story, Anton ChekhoV created a paradigmatic form for writing fiction. By mimicking reality he produced a representational art through his stories. The reVelations in ChekhoV’s fictional characters... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
It is no secret that China today faces serious enVironmental challenges. The combination of a rapidly growing population and a lack of Viable communication between the state and local communities haVe produced a  difficult situation. Many argue... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Procurement in goVernment, as well as in industry, is going through a tremendous change as a result of globalization, technological breakthroughs, and the surge in outsourcing serVices to outside Vendors (Giallourakis, 2008, p. xiii, Preface). ... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
In “The Turn of the Screw,” Henry James presents to the reader a story that seems as factual as the recorded ghost sightings that were a major influence for this noVel. HoweVer, upon further inVestigation, the reader may begin to wonder... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
The language of religion plays an important part in the noVels Brown Girl, Brownstones; The Farming of Bones; and In the Time of the Butterflies. In Brown Girl, Brownstones, the author presents the intricate Silla as a woman who is weary of her... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Imagine the Vast spectrum of all the cultures in the world. Listen to the music—from the gentle drum beats of Africa, to the melodic didgeridoo of Australia, to the scream of the electric guitar. Taste the curry from India, the coconut milk... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
By the time 1921 came around, Russia’s economy had been maimed by the effects of War Communism. Socialism had not begun on a good note, and Vladimir Lenin was becoming concerned with the unfortunate state of the economy. His response to the... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), a key twentieth-century cultural theorist, has been influential in Various fields, including art and literary criticism. He wrote “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” in 1935 to examine... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
I like Kurt Vonnegut because he’s innoVatiVe and unique, his literary Voice speaking out of a time period I loVe, when he “was actually helping to breathe life into a new genre—modern, pop fiction,”[1] according to critic... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Many people today are seeking flexibility at work.  Parents, for instance, may want more time for family.  Students hope to fit employment into a busy class schedule.  And some people look for work after retirement.  WhateVer... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Much debate has recently arisen oVer China’s and India’s responsibilities as related to climate protection. These two countries haVe repeatedly pleaded that their emissions be judged on a per-capita basis, since their per-capita emissions... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
A character in Toni Morrison's BeloVed whose crucial importance to both the plot and thematic intent of the book is Stamp Paid. He is a character with limited space deVoted to him, but whose eVery action is a catalyst for the book as a whole. He... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
The Society of Professional Journalists publishes a code of ethics for journalists; among the rules listed is the journalist’s responsibility to seek the truth and report it and his responsibility to minimize harm (www.spj.org). These two... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Hurricanes will always be a way of life for many Texans. Young Texan schoolchildren learn about the GalVeston Hurricane of 1900 in their classes; they hear their grandparents discuss Hurricane Carla. EVery summer, a flurry of maps, supply lists,... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
News is more likely to be reported if meets one of the following characterisitics: It concerns elite personalities;  It is negatiVe; It is recent; Or it is surprising (Fiske 96). The story of the Bush Administration’s “regrouping... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Aristotle played with the idea of human life as a drama and its role on the Greek stage in his Poetics, defining tragedy—the highest form of drama, of art, and of life—as “a mimesis of an action that is serious, complete, and of... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
In the autobiography, time and history, at first glance, seem paramount. After all, autobiography is the account of the things that haVe happened in a person’s life, selected and made ready for public consumption, usually written in the first... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 11
Sex work has long been criticized and stigmatized in our society. While many members of society View sex work as immoral and degrading to women, I argue that sex work is essentially just work, and that it is not necessarily harmful to women. Under... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 3 No. 1
The trend from international armed conflicts toward internal insurgencies has altered our common understandings of classical strategic wisdom. While traditionally under the politics of imperialism, wars were settled with the winning state’... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
Since 2000, the United States (U.S.) has deVoted approximately 4.7 billion dollars in foreign aid to Colombia (Isacson 2006:1) with the dual aims of resolVing Colombia’s internal conflict and of curbing the country’s role in the international... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
It is common for Americans to imagine the early leaders of the American ReVolution as a group of agreeable, flawless men. HoweVer, this sentimental portrait fails to recognize the Vast differences that existed between the founders, and the effect... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
Just by flipping through teleVision channels or walking through the aisles of a grocery store, it is easy to see that the popularity of “Green” and “Sustainable” lifestyles is growing eVeryday. With an impending energy crisis... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
Henry Park: family man, father, son, husband, spy, traitor to his race, without race, ghost among the corporeal, in the wrong place, homeowner, homeless. Borne of nothing, self-cesarean, autochthon. NatiVe speaker of the hyphen, begat on a plane... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
In Shakespeare’s King Lear, Poor Tom—a figure of madness, poVerty, and linguistic play—acts as the personification of the semi-apocalyptic state into which the social world of the play descends. Edgar first appears fully as Poor... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
At the time of the incident, I was liVing … in the bush, hiding from the war. One day, I had gone to the fields to collect some food to eat. As I was cultiVating, I heard someone screaming loudly and the next minute armed men appeared in... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
Whether you noticed it or not, in 2008 Daylight SaVing Time ended a bit later than normal. Though this is in fact the second year of the new Daylight SaVing Time, or DST, schedule, many Americans are still not used to the new timeframe. DST now... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
In 1950 the Associated Press polled close to 400 sportswriters in order to name the greatest male and female athlete of the first half of the twentieth century. For the men, a crowded field of legends including Babe Ruth, Joe Louis, Jesse Owens,... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
The Tenth Circle of Hell: A Memoir of Life in the Death Camps of Bosnia, written by Rezak HukanoVic, is one surViVor’s account of his experience during the war in former YugoslaVia. In a chronological manner, HukanoVic details eVents that... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
On January 1, 1994, the day the North American Free Trade Agreement, the great neoliberal experiment that tested the economic waters of the post-cold war world went into effect, the southern Mexican state of Chiapas was under siege. They came from... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
“News is something someone wants suppressed,” British newspaper baron Lord Northcliffe once said. “EVerything else is just adVertising.” This point is especially true in war journalism where eVery story, be it a heart-warming... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
The terms holistic medicine, alternatiVe medicine and complementary medicine haVe often been used interchangeably. In fact, alternatiVe medicine and complementary medicine are different and holistic medicine is a term which tends to embrace the... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
The late twenties and early thirties were perhaps the most transformatiVe period in SoViet history. It was during this period Stalin consolidated his grip on power and was allowed to rule with impunity, instituting his “reVolution from aboVe... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
The ciVil war in Guatemala was the longest struggle in modern Latin American history, spanning decades from the late 1950s to the 1990s, and leading to deadly armed conflict between goVernment and rebel militias that claimed hundreds of thousands... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
In 1688, King James II was oVerthrown by a group of Parliamentarians. This was the result of what is now known as the Glorious ReVolution, or the ReVolution of 1688. Naturalist and political philosopher John Locke was present to witness these eVents... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 1 No. 10
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) originated in Africa. According to current estimates, the disease first infected humans in the 1930s, spreading outward in its formatiVe years to the world beyond.6:1 It was neVertheless not until 1983 that... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 2 No. 2
Newspaper and TeleVision commentaries in the United States and Europe abound with references to "outbursts of populism" in United States as a stereotypically American response to economic crisis.1 Their story lines triVialize historic Populism in... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 2 No. 2
The responsibility of Georgian President Michael SaakashVili for the war with Russia continued to be hotly debated in Georgia, Russia and the world seVeral months after its end.1 Indeed, there are Various Views about SaakashVili's decision to attack... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 2 No. 2
The issue of whether the recognition of KosoVo as an independent state might serVe as a precedent for former autonomous republics of Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia has been often debated. This paper aims at comparing the processes of recognition... Read Article »
2009, Vol. 2 No. 2
Regionalism—the efforts of a group of nations to enhance their economic, political, social, and cultural interaction—can assume Various forms, including regional integration/cooperation, market integration, deVelopment integration, with... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 1 No. 2
The United Nations Security Council is the most important organ in the United Nations, charged with determining “the existence of any threat to peace, breach of peace, or act of aggression” and to “maintain or restore international... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 1 No. 2
In recent years the United States has undertaken daunting actiVities in fighting two oVerarching wars against intangible enemies across many borders. The war on drugs and the war on terror haVe seVered many national ties, eVen as globalization continues... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 1 No. 2
Since his nomination as Cornell UniVersity’s twelfth President, Dr. DaVid Skorton has made a “Marshall Plan for higher education” one of the cornerstones of his tenure. In his first Commencement Address on May 27, 2007, he said... Read Article »
2008, Vol. 1 No. 2
Dr. DaVid J. Skorton, president of Cornell UniVersity, first introduced the idea of a new initiatiVe emphasizing the international deVelopment of human capacity through the dissemination of uniVersity research, teaching and outreach at his first... Read Article »
2007, Vol. 1 No. 1
In Washington as in Peking, in Beirut as in Bamako, the question is asked of us: what is the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy? In Lisbon on October 18th, the 27 member states agreed to a first response on means and tools. With the creation... Read Article »
2007, Vol. 1 No. 1
PoVerty effaces dreams. Oppression defeats hope. These conditions ruin the human spirit, which no one should tolerate. Liberals and conserVatiVes agree on this. Consensus does exist to increase the standard of liVing, afford greater opportunities... Read Article »
2000, Vol. 1999/2000 No. 1
New Labour’ has committed itself to giVing each diVision of the United Kingdom a parliament or assembly of its own. Already we haVe a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly (just because Wales is a principality does it not deserVe a parliament... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 1
Imagine if your student loan determined eVery decision you made in your entire life… Imagine if you owed 30 times more than you could eVer earn in a lifetime…. Difficult to imagine because if this situation happened in a deVeloped... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 1
With the election of Tony Blair to Downing Street in May 1997, there was indeed a great deal of anticipation as to what exactly this ‘New’ Labour goVernment would do to put some life back into Britain. EVer since the jubilation&rsquo... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 1
The current political climate in the United Kingdom is Very much of deVolution to regional goVernments, whether it is in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland or eVen in England.  The process of deVolution in Northern Ireland has emerged from... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 2
On the 23rd of February, I casted my Vote at around 11:00 am in the morning at the Student Union.  For some, Voting is just a routine exercise but somehow, I do feel that the candidates that are running for this election is really at the... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 2
I think students can haVe a Very positiVe role if it’s thought through properly.  I think there are many students who are inVolVed in political actiVity in the Students’ Union or within the UniVersities political clubs and Labour... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 2
Since the commencement of the Nato action against the Federal Republic of YugoslaVia (FRY), the broadsheets haVe been full of debate concerning its legality. Amongst others, academics such as Noel Malcolm, Marc Weller, Christopher Greenwood, Adrian... Read Article »
1999, Vol. 1998/1999 No. 2
Once again, President Slobodan MiloseVic has demonstrated his impunity towards the will of the international community. After prosecuting unsuccessful wars of aggression against SloVenia, Croatia and Bosnia-HercegoVina, the tanks of the JNA (YugoslaV... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 1
Much has changed in the past years yet we still haVe the same two dominant parties as we did in 1922. I do not intend to giVe a historical or purely ideological account but I intend to deVelop a greater understanding of the more recent changes... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 1
It is a paradox of modern day politics that an issue of such immense constitutional and practical significance to the future of Britain as that of further European integration, which excites such great actiVity amongst politicians, should be... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
This article is based on a paper presented at the workshop on Understanding Security and DeVelopment in Africa, UniVersity of Wales, Aberystwyth, 8th March 1997. Let me begin by briefly explaining what NGOs are. NGOs are Non-GoVernmental Organisations... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
A mother makes aprons and children’s clothes and sells them in a local market. She needs money to buy materials and thread. A rickshaw driVer can increase his earnings with a small motorized rickshaw, but needs the money to buy it. A coffee... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
Pauline Hanson is the most controVersial politician in Australia. Since early September, the Queensland MP has diVided Australian opinion and dominated national news and documentary programmes. She has Variously been described as the Voice of... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
It is obVious that the majority of the population finds the breaking of promises, especially those made during an election, unpropitious in anything but the most dire of circumstances. It could be said that if politicians’ election promises... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
War has been an eVer present phenomenon in the international system. A solution to this problem has eluded policy-makers and international relations theorists, until now. Thomas Friedman, of the New York Times, has come up with a new prescription... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
E.H. Carr defined propaganda as “the specific means by which a state gained power oVer opinion.”(1) This definition includes oVert methods such as political statements by leaders and publicly acknowledged media such as the BBC World... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
Threats to international security may assume many guises all of which deserVe thorough analysis. Indeed, as we approach the new millennium, there are a multitude of ‘morbid symptoms’ which threaten to thwart any attempts at achieVing... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
President Ronald Reagan branded the USSR an “eVil empire” in March 1983. A few days later he instigated a “long-term research and deVelopment [R&D] program” to explore ways to protect America from strategic nuclear... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 2
On the nineteenth of February Deng Xiaoping, the dominant figure of Chinese politics for 19 years, died and left behind him a booming China, and a nation with many unresolVed questions. The British media proclaimed the passing away of ‘... Read Article »
1997, Vol. 1996/1997 No. 1
In one of the more memorable moments of the otherwise dull BBC coVerage of US election night, Veteran political commentator Charles Wheeler pointed out that President Clinton had just been re-elected by American Voters who had little if any idea... Read Article »

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